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Pseudotrapelus sinaitus (HEYDEN, 1827)

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Higher TaxaAgamidae (Agaminae), Sauria, Iguania, Squamata (lizards)
SubspeciesPseudotrapelus sinaitus sinaitus (HEYDEN 1827)
Pseudotrapelus sinaitus werneri MORAVEC 2002 
Common NamesE: Sinai Agama
G: Sinai-Agame 
SynonymAgama sinaita HEYDEN 1827
Agama arenaria HEYDEN 1827 (fide MERTENS 1922)
Agama sinaita — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1837: 509
Agama straminea LICHTENSTEIN 1945 (nom. nud., syn. fide GRAY 1845)
Agama lichtensteini GRAY 1845 (nomen nudum; syn. fide GRAY 1845)
Agama sinaitica — RÜPPELL 1845 (nom. subst.)
Pseudotrapelus sinaita — FITZINGER 1843: 18
Agama sinaita — BOULENGER 1885: 339
Agama sinaita — BOULENGER 1887: 407
Trapelus sinaiticus TRISTRAM 1888
Agama sinaita — ANDERSON 1901: 139
Agama mutabilis sinaita — WETTSTEIN & LÖFFLER 1951
Agama sinaita — HAAS 1957
Agama sinaita — WERMUTH 1967: 23
Pseudotrapelus sinaita — MOODY 1980
Agama sinaita — BISCHOFF & SCHMIDTLER 1981
Pseudotrapelus sinaitus — SCHLEICH, KÄSTLE & KABISCH 1996: 290
Pseudotrapelus sinaitus — MANTHEY & SCHUSTER 1999: 101
Pseudotrapelus sinaitus — SINDACO & JEREMČENKO 2008

Pseudotrapelus sinaitus werneri MORAVEC 2002
Pseudotrapelus sinaitus werneri — SINDACO & JEREMČENKO 2008 
DistributionE Egypt, Sinai, Jordan, Syria, Saudia Arabia / Arabian peninsula

Type locality: Sinai; restricted to Mt Sinai by Moravec 2002

werneri: S Syria and N Jordan (Basalt desert)  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: SMF 9971 (”997” fide MELNIKOV et al. 2015).
Holotype: NMP P6V 34860/1, paratypes: NMP [werneri]
Syntypes: ZMB 759, "Arabien", leg. Hemprich - ZMB 55902 (was ZMB 760 part.), "Aegypten", leg. Hemprich & Ehrenberg; Terra typica: unclear, probably Arabian peninsula [straminea]. 
Diagnosis 
CommentSynonymy: MELNIKOV et al. 2013, 2015 and others have removed Pseudotrapelus neumanni from the synonymy of P. sinaitus.

Type species: Agama sinaita HEYDEN 1827 is the type species of the genus Pseudotrapelus FITZINGER 1843: 18, 81.

According to MELNIKOV & PIERSON (2012) there are four Pseudotrapelus species that can be divided in two groups – species with the 3rd and 4th toes equal in size (P. sinaitus) and species with the 4th toe shorter than 3rd (P. neumanni, P. aqabensis and P. dhofarensis). This seems to correspond with phylogenetic relationships between them. P. sinaitus is the only species with an equal length of the 3rd and 4th toes, that is characterized also by 15 – 17 lamellae under the 4th toe, 15 – 18 lower labial scales and 6 – 8 unseparated preacloacal pores in males. This species is distributed in Africa and the northern part of Arabia. P. neumanni is the only Pseudotrapelus with enlarged scales on the dorsal parts of head and body.

Phylogenetics: Pseudotrapelus forms a clade with Acanthocercus and Xenagama (e.g. Pyron et al. 2013) although the exact relationships remain controversial with Xenagama nested within Acanthocercus (Tamar et al. 2016).

Distribution: see map in TAMAR et al. 2016: Fig. 1, Tamar et al. 2019: Fig. 1, Tamar et al. 2023: 1034 (Fig. 1). Not in Libya fide Bauer et al. 2017. Not in the UAE fide Burriel-Carranza et al. 2019. Not in Israel (and possibly nearby countries) where it is replaced by P. aqabensis. 
EtymologyNamed after the type locality. 
References
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