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Python bivittatus KUHL, 1820

IUCN Red List - Python bivittatus - Vulnerable, VU
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Higher TaxaPythonidae, Henophidia, Pythonoidea, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesPython bivittatus progschai JACOBS, AULYIA & BÖHME 2009
Python bivittatus bivittatus KUHL 1820 
Common NamesE: Burmese Python
G: Dunkler Tigerpython
Chinese: 蟒 
SynonymPython bivittatus KUHL 1820: 94
Python molurus bivittatus — MERTENS 1921
Python bivittatus — WERNER 1924
Python molurus bivittatus — MANTHEY & GROSSMANN 1997: 429
Python molurus bivittatus — COX et al. 1998: 15
Python molurus bivittatus — CHAN-ARD et al. 1999: 214
Python molurus bivittatus — LAZELL 2002
Python molurus bivittatus — WHITAKER & CAPTAIN 2004
Python molurus bivittatus — ZHAO 2006
Python bivittatus — JACOBS et al. 2009
Python molurus bivattatus — LALREMSANGA et al. 2011 (in error)
Python bivittatus bivittatus — COX et al. 2012: 54
Python bivittatus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 618
Python bivittatus hainannus ZHANG 2015
Python bivittatus hainannus — MURPHY & CRUTCHFIELD 2019
Phyton bivittatus — EBEL et al. 2025 (in error)

Python bivittatus progschai JACOBS, AULYIA & BÖHME 2009
Python bivittatus progschai JACOBS, AULYIA & BÖHME 2009: 8
Python bivittatus progschai – KOCH 2011
Python bivittatus progschai — KOCH 2012 
DistributionSE Nepal, India (Assam, Tripura, Sikkim, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh [A. Captain, pers. Comm.], Uttar Pradesh, Nagaland), S Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam (Hoa Binh), S China (S Yunnan east to Fujian, incl. Hainan and Hong Kong; Sichuan, Guangxi, Guangdong), Indonesia (Java, Bali, Sulawesi).

Introduced to Florida (USA)

progschai: Sulawesi; Type locality: SW Sulawesi. Diagnosis: see Jacobs et al. 2009.

Type locality: Java (designated by MERTENS 1930)  
ReproductionGROOT et al. (2003) and KUHN & SCHMIDT (2003) presented evidence that this species may be parthenogenetic. 
TypesHolotype: iconotype: Plate in SEBA 1735 and KUHL 1820.
Holotype: ZFMK 87481, subadult male [progschai] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Large serpents; labials separated from eye by sub-oculars; arrow-shaped mark on head distinct; girth proportionally greater than in reticulatus. (Taylor 1965: 666).


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CommentSubspecies: This species has been considered as a subspecies of P. molurus. See P. molurus and references therein for more information. The status of Python bivittatus hainannus remains unclear, as there is insufficient information provided in the original description, but it is likely a synonym of P. bivittatus (Song Huang, pers. comm., 4 Feb 2021).

Hybridization: "The evidence for the recognition of P. bivittatus to date is based on the presence or absence of a subocular scale, yet the two forms interbreed readily in captivity. In at least one case, the interbreeding of P. bivittatus with P. sebae results in no subocular at all, even though both of the progenitors possess one." [from G. Rodda, pers. comm. 22 Feb 2010].

Distribution: Records from Sumatra and Borneo are believed to be incorrectly identified (Haile 1958, Groombridge and Luxmoore 1991). See map in Barker & Barker 2008.

DNA barcodes suggested multiple species within this species (Laopichienpong et al. 2016).

Genome: Python (molurus) bivittatus was one of the first reptiles to have its genome sequenced (Castoe et al. 2013). 
EtymologyThe species epithet, bivittatus, comes from Latin (bi- "two + vittatus "ribbon or decorated with ribbon"). comes from the Latin word vittatus, which means "decorated" or "bound with a ribbon". It might be a reference to the color pattern of the species. 
References
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