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Regina grahamii BAIRD & GIRARD, 1853

IUCN Red List - Regina grahamii - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaColubridae (Natricinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Graham's Crawfish Snake, Graham's Crayfish Snake 
SynonymRegina grahamii BAIRD & GIRARD 1853: 47
Tropidonotus grahami — BOULENGER 1893: 240
Natrix grahamii — COPE 1900: 991
Regina grahami — RUTHVEN & THOMPSON 1913
Natrix grahamii — BURT 1935
Natrix grahami — CLAY 1938
Nerodia grahami — CONANT 1978
Regina grahamii — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 158
Regina grahamii — CROTHER 2000
Regina grahamii — ERNST & ERNST 2003: 288
Regina grahami — PYRON & BURBRINK 2013
Regina grahamii — WALLACH et al. 2014: 630
Regina grahami — LEMOS-ESPINAL 2015 
DistributionUSA (Texas, W Mississippi, Louisiana, Oklahoma, SE/E Kansas, SE Nebraska, Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, Illinois, W Alabama)

Type locality: Rio Salado, Texas.  
Reproductionovoviviparous 
TypesHolotype: USNM 
DiagnosisUnfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data to their customers. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions or comparisons (about 2243 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentPhylogeny: R. grahami and R. septemvittata appear paraphyletic in the tree shown in Burbrink et al. 2012.

Diet: recently molted crayfish 
EtymologyNamed after James Duncan Graham (1799-1865), American engineer, astronomer and collector of biological specimens. 
References
  • Baird, S. F. and C. Girard. 1853. Catalogue of North American Reptiles in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Part 1.-Serpents. Smithsonian Inst., Washington, xvi + 172 pp. - get paper here
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. London (Taylor & Francis), 448 pp. - get paper here
  • Burbrink FT, Futterman I. 2019. Female‐ biased gape and body-size dimorphism in the New World watersnakes (tribe: Thamnophiini) oppose predictions from Rensch's rule. Ecol Evol. 00:1–10 - get paper here
  • Burbrink, Frank T.; Xin Chen, Edward A. Myers, Matthew C. Brandley and R. Alexander Pyron 2012. Evidence for determinism in species diversification and contingency in phenotypic evolution during adaptive radiation. Proc. R. Soc. B 279: 4817-4826 - get paper here
  • Burt, Charles E. 1935. Further records of the ecology and distribution of amphibians and reptiles in the middle west. American Midland Naturalist 16 (3): 311-336 - get paper here
  • Clay, William M. 1938. A synopsis of the North American Water Snakes of the genus Natrix. Copeia 1938 (4): 173-182 - get paper here
  • Collins, J.T. & Collins, S.L. 2009. A pocket guide to Kansas snakes, 2nd ed. Great Plains Nature Center, Wichita, 69 pp.
  • Collins, J.T. & Collins, S.L. 2010. A pocket guide to Kansas snakes, 3rd ed. Great Plains Nature Center, Wichita, 69 pp.
  • Conant,R. & Collins,J.T. 1991. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern/Central North America, 3rd ed. Houghton Mifflin (Boston/New York), xx + 450 p.
  • Cope, E.D. 1900. The crocodilians, lizards and snakes of North America. Ann. Rep. U.S. Natl. Mus. 1898: 153-1270 - get paper here
  • Crother, B. I. (ed.) 2012. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Seventh Edition. Herpetological Circular 39: 1-92
  • Dixon, James R. 2000. Amphibians and reptiles of Texas, second edition. Texas A&M University Press, 421 pp.
  • Dundee, H.A., & Rossman, D.A. 1989. The amphibians and reptiles of Louisiana. Louisiana St. Univ. Press, Baton Rouge 300 pp.
  • Dwyer, C.M. & H. Kaiser 1997. Relationship between Skull Form and Prey Selection in the Thamnophiine Snake Genera Nerodia and Regina Journal of Herpetology 31 (4): 463-475. - get paper here
  • Edmond, Brian S. 1993. Regina grahamii (Graham's Crayfish Snake). USA: Missouri. Herpetological Review 24 (2): 68 - get paper here
  • Ernst, C.H. & Ernst, E.M. 2003. Snakes of the United States and Canada. Smithsonian Inst. Press, Washington, 668 pp.
  • Ernst, C.H., & Barbour, R.W. 1989. Snakes of eastern North America. George Mason Univ. Press, Fairfax, VA 282 pp.
  • Force, Edith R. 1928. A Preliminary Checklist of Amphibians and Reptiles of Tulsa County. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 8: - get paper here
  • Gibbons, J. W. & Mike Dorcas 2004. North American Water Snakes. University of Oklahoma Press, 496 pp.
  • Grant, Chapman 1937. Herpetological notes from Central Kansas. American Midland Naturalist 18 (3): 370-372 - get paper here
  • Hibbitts, Toby J. and Connor S. Adams. 2015. Geographic Distribution: Regina grahamii (Graham's crayfish snake). Herpetological Review 46 (2): 221 - get paper here
  • Irwin, Kelly J. 2004. Arkansas Snake Guide. Arkansas Game & Fish Commission, Little Rock, 50 pp.
  • Lawson, R. 1987. Molecular studies of Thamnophiine snakes: 1. The phylogeny of the genus Nerodia. Journal of Herpetology 21 (2): 140-157 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal, Julio A. (ed.) 2015. Amphibians and Reptiles of the US - Mexico Border States / Anfibios y Reptiles de los Estados de la Frontera México - Estados Unidos. Texas A&M University Press, College Station, Texas. x + 614 pp.; ISBN 978-1-62349-306-6. - get paper here
  • Liner, E. A. 1982. Regina grahami. Coloration. Herpetological Review 13 (2): 48 - get paper here
  • Lynch, J.D. 1985. Annotated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Nebraska. Nebraska Acad. of Sci., Lincoln, Trans. 13: 33-57.
  • McVay, John David; Bryan Carstens 2013. Testing monophyly without well-supported gene trees: Evidence from multi-locus nuclear data conflicts with existing taxonomy in the snake tribe Thamnophiini. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Volume 68, Issue 3, September 2013, Pages 425–431 - get paper here
  • Pyron, R. Alexander; Frank T. Burbrink 2013. Early origin of viviparity and multiple reversions to oviparity in squamate reptiles. Ecology Letters 17 (1): 13–21 (published online 2013, in print 2014), DOI: 10.1111/ele.12168 - get paper here
  • Ruthven, Alexander G.;Thompson, Crystal 1913. The variations in the number of vertebrae and ventral scutes in two snakes of the genus Regina. American Naturalist 47: 625-632 - get paper here
  • Seigel, R.A. 1992. Ecology of a Specialized Predator: Regina grahami in Missouri Journal of Herpetology 26 (1): 32-37. - get paper here
  • Smith, Hobart M.;Leonard, Arthur B. 1934. Distributional records of reptiles and amphibians in Oklahoma. American Midland Naturalist 15: 190-196 - get paper here
  • Stovall, Randall H. and J. P. Kennedy 1979. Pupillary Responses in Certain Snakes (Colubridae). The Southwestern Naturalist 24 (4): 701-703 - get paper here
  • Tennant, A. 2003. Snakes of North America - Eastern and Central Regions, revised edition. Lone Star Books, 605 pp.
  • Thornton, Okla W., Jr.;Smith, Jerry R. 1993. New county records of amphibians and reptiles from West-Central Texas. Herpetological Review 24 (1): 35-36 - get paper here
  • VanDeWalle, Terry 2022. The Natural History of the Snakes and Lizards of Iowa. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City, Iowa, 384 pp. ISBN: 978-1- 609388-37-9. [review in HR 54 (1): 151] - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • WARD, KRISTA J.; CHRISTINE S. STREID, JAKE T. WRIGHT & THOMAS M. LUHRING. 2022. Geographic distribution: REGINA GRAHAMII (Graham’s Crayfish Snake). USA: KANSAS: Elk Co. Herpetological Review 53 (2): 264.
  • Werler, John E. & James R. Dixon 2000. Texas Snakes. University of Texas Press, 544 pages
  • Williams, Avery A. 1997. Geographic Distribution. Regina grahamii. Herpetological Review 28 (2): 98 - get paper here
 
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