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Rhampholeon boulengeri STEINDACHNER, 1911

IUCN Red List - Rhampholeon boulengeri - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaChamaeleonidae, Sauria, Iguania, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Boulenger’s pygmy chameleon 
SynonymRhampholeon boulengeri STEINDACHNER 1911: 178
Rhampholeon boulengeri — SCHMIDT 1919: 595
Rhampholeon spectrum boulengeri — LOVERIDGE (fide WILD 1994)
Rhampholeon boulengeri — NECAS 1999: 258
Rhampholeon (Rhinodigitum) boulengeri — MATTHEE et al. 2004
Rhampholeon (Rhinodigitum) boulengeri — TILBURY 2010: 170
Rhampholeon (Rhinodigitum) boulengeri — GLAW 2015
Rhampholeon boulengeri — SPAWLS et al. 2018: 250
Rhampholeon boulengeri — HUGHES et al. 2024: 462 
DistributionBurundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda, Tanzania, N/E Zaire (= Democratic Republic of the Congo)

Type locality: Hills NW of Tanganyika (Democratic Republic of the Congo).  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesLectotype: NMW 16000-2, male. Original Syntypes: NMW 16000: 1-3 (see discussion in Hughes et al. 2024).
Other specimens. UTEP 21715 (field no. EBG 1613) (Bichaka, 03.33872° S, 28.75595° E, 2100 m elevation), UTEP 21716 (field no. EBG 1700) (Bichaka, 03.3374° S, 28.78804° E, 2311 m elevation), UTEP 21717–21718 (field nos. EBG 1701–1702) (Kisakala, 03.3373° S, 28.78791° E, 2264 m elevation), UTEP 22684–22686 (field nos. DFH 4756–4758) (Mibengya, 03.46269° S, 28.58406° E, 2320 m elevation), UTEP 22687 (field no. DFH 4771) (Elumbulumbu, 03.44536° S, 28.56246° E, 2470 m elevation), UTEP 22688 (field no. DFH 4779) (Elumbulumbu, 03.44501° S, 28.56195° E, 2464 m elevation), DRC, South Kivu Province, Itombwe Plateau (9 specimens). 
DiagnosisUnfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data to their customers. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions or comparisons (about 3763 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentNot listed for Tanzania by BROADLEY & HOWELL 1991 (but KLAVER & BÖHME 1997 give Tanzania).

Reference images: see Uetz et al. 2024 for high-resolution reference images for this species. 
EtymologyNamed after George Albert Boulenger (1858-1937), herpetologist at the British Museum of Natural History, London. 
References
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Böhme, W. & Fischer 2000. Ein Bodenchamäleon (Rhampholeon spectrum) mit Pflanzenbewuchs: zweiter Nachweis von Moosen auf einem lebenden Wirbeltier. Herpetofauna 22 (129): 5-10 - get paper here
  • Broadley, D. G. & HOWELL, K. M. 1991. A check list of the reptiles of Tanzania, with synoptic keys. Syntarsus 1: 1—70
  • FISSEHA, MAKDA; JEAN MARIAUX, MICHELE MENEGON 2013. The “Rhampholeon uluguruensis complex” (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae) and the taxonomic status of the pygmy chameleons in Tanzania. Zootaxa 3746 (3): 439–453 - get paper here
  • Gemel, R.; G. Gassner & S. Schweiger 2019. Katalog der Typen der Herpetologischen Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien – 2018. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B 121: 33–248 - get paper here
  • Glaw, F. 2015. Taxonomic checklist of chameleons (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae). [type catalogue] Vertebrate Zoology 65 (2): 167–246 - get paper here
  • HUGHES, D. F., BEHANGANA, M., LUKWAGO, W., MENEGON, M., DEHLING, J. M., WAGNER, P., ... & GREENBAUM, E. 2024. Taxonomy of the Rhampholeon boulengeri Complex (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae): Five New Species from Central Africa’s Albertine Rift. Zootaxa 5458 (4): 451-494 - get paper here
  • Hughes, D.F. 2018. Comparative Phylogeography, Taxonomy, and Neuroanatomy of Montane Chameleons in the Albertine Rift, Central Africa. PhD Thesis, UT El Paso, - get paper here
  • Hughes, D.F., Tolley, K.A., Behangana, M., Lukwago, W., Menegon, M., Maximilian Dehling, J., Stipala, J., Tilbury, C.R., Khan, A.M., Kusamba, C., Greenbaum, E., 2017. Cryptic diversity in Rhampholeon boulengeri (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae), a pygmy chameleon from the Albertine Rift biodiversity hotspot. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution - get paper here
  • Klaver, Ch. J.J. & Böhme,W. 1997. Chamaeleonidae. Das Tierreich, 112: XIV, 1-85
  • KVIFT, G.M. 2011. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTIONS: Rhampholeon boulengeri (Steindachner, 1911). African Herp News (54): 20-21 - get paper here
  • Leptien, R. 2003. Getting started keeping chameleons. Reptilia (GB) (26): 11-14 - get paper here
  • Leptien, R. 2006. Mimese und Abwehrverhalten bei Stummelschwanzchamäleons. Reptilia (Münster) 11 (60): 5-6 - get paper here
  • Lutzmann, Nicolá; Benoit Nzigidahera, Max Dehling, Eberhard Fischer, Onesphore Masabo, David Hellendrung, Uli Wagner, Walter Herwig, Armin Hummel, Ralph Lademann, Dominik & Natascha Rochna 2014. Chamäleons in Burundi und erste Daten zur Biologie aus der Terrarienhaltung. Draco 15 (58): 38-53 - get paper here
  • Mariaux, Jean and Colin R. Tilbury. 2006. The pygmy chameleons of the eastern Arc range (Tanzania): Evolutionary relationships and the description of three new species of Rhampholeon (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae). The Herpetological Journal 16 (3): 315-331 - get paper here
  • Matthee, C.; Tilbury, C.R. & Townsend, T. 2004. A phylogenetic review of the African leaf chameleons: genus Rhampholeon (Chamaeleonidae): the role of vicariance and climate change in speciation. Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) B271: 1967-1975 - get paper here
  • Menegon, M.; Salvidio, S. & Tilbury, C. 2002. A new dwarf chamaeleon from the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania, East Africa (Squamata: Rhampholeon Günther 1874). Journal of Herpetology 36 (1): 51-57 - get paper here
  • Menegon, Michele, Sebastiano Salvidio and David Moyer 2003. Reptiles and Amphibians of Nguu North Forest Reserve, Tanzania: A first contribution. African Herp News (36):2-8. - get paper here
  • Nečas, P. & Schmidt, W. 2004. Mysterious Mini-Dragons: the stump-tailed chameleons Brookesia and Rhampholeon. Reptilia (GB) (35): 10-21 - get paper here
  • Nečas, P. & Schmidt, W. 2004. Geheimnisvolle Mini-Drachen: Die Erd- und Stummelschwanzchamäleons der Gattungen Brookesia und Rhampholeon. Reptilia (Münster) 9 (48): 18-27 - get paper here
  • Nečas, P. & Schmidt, W. 2004. Stump-tailed Chameleons. Miniature Dragons of the Rainforest. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, 256 pp. [review in Elaphe 14 (1): 24]
  • Nečas, P. & Schmidt, W. 2004. Stummelschwanzchamäleons - Miniaturdrachen des Regenwalds. Die Gattungen Brookesia und Rhampholeon. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, 255 pp. [review in Reptilia, Münster, 11 (5): 94]
  • Nečas, Petr 1999. Chameleons - Nature's Hidden Jewels. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt; 348 pp.; ISBN 3-930612-04-6 (Europe)<br />ISBN 1-57524-137-4 (USA, Canada)
  • Schmidt, Karl Patterson 1919. Contributions to the Herpetology of the Belgian Congo based on the Collection of the American Congo Expedition, 1909-1915. Part I: turtles, crocodiles, lizards, and chamaeleons. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39 (2): 385-624 - get paper here
  • Schmidt, W.; Tamm, K. & Wallikewitz, E. 2010. Chamäleons - Drachen unserer Zeit. Natur und Tier Verlag, 328 pp. [review in Reptilia 101: 64, 2013] - get paper here
  • Spawls, S. & Rotich, D. 1997. An annotated checklist of the lizards of Kenya. J. East African Nat. Hist. 86: 61-83
  • Spawls, S.; Howell, K.; Drewes, R.C. & Ashe, J. 2002. A field guide to the reptiles of East Africa. Academic Press, 543 pp. [reviews in HR 34: 396 and Afr. J. Herp. 51; 147] - get paper here
  • Spawls, Steve; Kim Howell, Harald Hinkel, Michele Menegon 2018. Field Guide to East African Reptiles. Bloomsbury, 624 pp. - get paper here
  • Steindachner, F. 1911. Vorläufiger Bericht über drei neue Arten aus der Familie Chamaeleontidae. Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien 10: 177-179.
  • Stipala, J. 2014. Mountain Dragons - In search of chameleon diversity in the highlands of Kenya. Jan Stipala, 124 pp., ISBN: 978-0-9928176-0-2 - get paper here
  • Tilbury, C. 2010. Chameleons of Africa: An Atlas, Including the Chameleons of Europe, the Middle East and Asia. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt M., 831 pp.
  • TILBURY, COLIN R. & KRYSTAL A. TOLLEY 2015. Contributions to the herpetofauna of the Albertine Rift: Two new species of chameleon (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae) from an isolated montane forest, south eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Zootaxa 3905 (3): 345–364 - get paper here
  • Uetz, P.H.; Patel, M.; Gbadamosi, Z.; Nguyen, A.; Shoope, S. 2024. A Reference Database of Reptile Images. Taxonomy 4: 723–732 - get paper here
  • Wild, C. 1994. Ecology of the western pygmy chameleon Rhampholeon spectrum BUCHHOLZ 1874 (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae). British Herpetological Society Bulletin (49): 29-35
 
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