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Rhampholeon spinosus (MATSCHIE, 1892)

IUCN Red List - Rhampholeon spinosus - Endangered, EN
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Higher TaxaChamaeleonidae, Sauria, Iguania, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Rosette-nosed pygmy chameleon 
SynonymChamaeleon spinosus MATSCHIE 1892: 105
Chamaeleon spinosus — TORNIER 1897: 64
Bradypodion spinosum — NECAS 1999: 276
Rhampholeon spinosus — TILBURY & MARIAUX 2004
Rhampholeon spinosum — NECAS & SCHMIDT 2004
Rhampholeon (Rhinodigitum) spinosus — MATTHEE et al. 2004
Rhampholeon (Rhampholeon) spinosus — MARIAUX & TILBURY 2006
Rhampholeon spinosum — SCHMIDT et al. 2010
Rhampholeon spinosus — GLAW 2015
Rhampholeon spinosus — SPAWLS et al. 2018: 253 
DistributionTanzania (Usambara Mts.), elevation 1000-1500 m.

Type locality: Derema, Usambara Mts., Tanzania  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: ZMB 11350. 
Diagnosis 
Comment 
EtymologyNamed after L.: spina, spine; -osus/a./um, adjectival suffix: spiny, denoting the spinose scalation of the body and the limbs (Charles Klaver, pers. comm., 11 Jan 2023). 
References
  • Broadley, D. G. & HOWELL, K. M. 1991. A check list of the reptiles of Tanzania, with synoptic keys. Syntarsus 1: 1—70
  • FISSEHA, MAKDA; JEAN MARIAUX, MICHELE MENEGON 2013. The “Rhampholeon uluguruensis complex” (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae) and the taxonomic status of the pygmy chameleons in Tanzania. Zootaxa 3746 (3): 439–453 - get paper here
  • Glaw, F. 2015. Taxonomic checklist of chameleons (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae). [type catalogue] Vertebrate Zoology 65 (2): 167–246 - get paper here
  • Hildenhagen, R. 2009. Rhampholeon (Rhampholeon) spinosus MATSCHIE. Sauria 30 (4): 2 [2008] - get paper here
  • Mariaux, Jean and Colin R. Tilbury. 2006. The pygmy chameleons of the eastern Arc range (Tanzania): Evolutionary relationships and the description of three new species of Rhampholeon (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae). The Herpetological Journal 16 (3): 315-331 - get paper here
  • Matschie, P. 1892. Über eine kleine Sammlung von Säugethieren und Reptilien, welche Herr L. Conradt aus Usambara (Deutsch Ostafrika) heimgebracht hat. Sber. Ges. naturf. Freunde, Berlin (1892): 101-110. - get paper here
  • Matthee, C.; Tilbury, C.R. & Townsend, T. 2004. A phylogenetic review of the African leaf chameleons: genus Rhampholeon (Chamaeleonidae): the role of vicariance and climate change in speciation. Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) B271: 1967-1975 - get paper here
  • Nečas, P. & Schmidt, W. 2004. Mysterious Mini-Dragons: the stump-tailed chameleons Brookesia and Rhampholeon. Reptilia (GB) (35): 10-21 - get paper here
  • Nečas, P. & Schmidt, W. 2004. Stummelschwanzchamäleons - Miniaturdrachen des Regenwalds. Die Gattungen Brookesia und Rhampholeon. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, 255 pp. [review in Reptilia, Münster, 11 (5): 94]
  • Nečas, P. & Schmidt, W. 2004. Stump-tailed Chameleons. Miniature Dragons of the Rainforest. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, 256 pp. [review in Elaphe 14 (1): 24]
  • Nečas, P. & Schmidt, W. 2004. Geheimnisvolle Mini-Drachen: Die Erd- und Stummelschwanzchamäleons der Gattungen Brookesia und Rhampholeon. Reptilia (Münster) 9 (48): 18-27 - get paper here
  • Nečas, Petr 1999. Chameleons - Nature's Hidden Jewels. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt; 348 pp.; ISBN 3-930612-04-6 (Europe)<br>ISBN 1-57524-137-4 (USA, Canada)
  • Patrick, David A.; Philip Shirk, James R. Vonesh, Elizabeth B. Harper, and Kim M. Howell 2011. Abundance and Roosting Ecology of Chameleons in the East Usambara Mountains of Tanzania and the Potential Effects of Harvesting. Herp. Cons. Biol. 6 (3) - get paper here
  • Schmidt, W.; Tamm, K. & Wallikewitz, E. 2010. Chamäleons - Drachen unserer Zeit. Natur und Tier Verlag, 328 pp. [review in Reptilia 101: 64, 2013] - get paper here
  • Spawls, Steve; Kim Howell, Harald Hinkel, Michele Menegon 2018. Field Guide to East African Reptiles. Bloomsbury, 624 pp. - get paper here
  • Tilbury, C. 2010. Chameleons of Africa: An Atlas, Including the Chameleons of Europe, the Middle East and Asia. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt M., 831 pp.
  • Tilbury, C.R. & Mariaux, J. 2004. A re-evaluation of the generic status of Bradypodion spinosum (MATSCHIE, 1892) and some consideration on the genus Rhampholeon. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 111: 103-111 - get paper here
  • Tornier,G. 1897. Die Kriechthiere Deutsch-Ostafrikas. Beiträge zur Systematik und Descendenzlehre. D. Reimer, Berlin, 164 pp. - get paper here
  • van Hoof, J. et al. 2006. Kameleons, een fascinerende hobby. Lacerta 64 (5-6): 1-96 - get paper here
 
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