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Salvadora grahamiae BAIRD & GIRARD, 1853

IUCN Red List - Salvadora grahamiae - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Mountain Patchnose Snake
G: Berg-Pflasternasennatter
S: Culebra Chata 
SynonymSalvadora grahamiae BAIRD & GIRARD 1853: 104
Phymothyra grahamiae — COPE 1879: 262
Salvadora grahamiae — GARMAN 1884: 37
Salvadora grahamiae — COPE 1900: 818
Salvadora grahamiae grahamiae — LINER et al. 1977
Salvadora grahamiae — STEBBINS 1985: 185
Salvadora grahamiae grahamiae — TANNER 1985: 640
Salvadora grahamiae grahamiae — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 192
Salvadora grahamiae lineata — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 193
Salvadora grahamiae — LINER 1994
Salvadora grahamiae grahamiae — DIXON 2000
Salvadora grahamiae grahamiae — TENNANT & BARTLETT 2000: 303
Salvadora grahamiae grahamiae — CROTHER et al. 2012
Salvadora grahamiae — WALLACH et al. 2014: 659
Salvadora grahamiae — HERNÁNDEZ-JIMÉNEZ et al. 2021 
DistributionUSA (W Texas, New Mexico, Arizona), Mexico (Chihuahua, Veracruz, Coahuila, Tamaulipas, Nayarit)

Type locality: Sonora  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: USNM 2081 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (genus): snakes with an enlarged rostral scale with free edges; a color pattern consisting of lateral and dorsolateral stripes, and usually a distinct vertebral stripe; and 17 rows of dorsal scales on the anterior and middle part of the body, which are reduced to 13 posteriorly (Bogert 1939).


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CommentType species: Salvadora grahamiae BAIRD & GIRARD 1853 is the type species of the genus Salvadora BAIRD in BAIRD & GIRARD 1853.

Synonymy: Kaiser et al. 2013 considered the generic name Aiselfakharius Hoser 2012 invalid and rejected its use instead of Salvadora.

Subspecies: Salvadora grahamiae lineata SCHMIDT 1940 has been elevated to full species status.

Distribution: See map in HERNÁNDEZ-JIMÉNEZ et al. 2021: Fig. 7. Reports from Quéretaro represent S. lineata, hence this species does not occur in Quéretaro fide Tepos-Ramírez et al. 2023.

Key: HERNÁNDEZ-JIMÉNEZ et al. 2021: 106 provide a dichotomous key to the species of Salvadora. 
EtymologyThe species is named after James Duncan Graham (1799-1865), American engineer, astronomer and collector of biological specimens.

The genus name is composed of the Latin words salvos, meaning "sound or well preserved" and dura, meaning "tough or outer covering," probably in reference to the smooth, tough skin.

HERNÁNDEZ-JIMÉNEZ et al. 2021 proposed an alternative etymology: Derived from the Latin ‘salvator’, which means ‘savior’, and ‘adora’, which means ‘honor’, an explicit homage to the collector of the type species S. grahamiae, Col. J.D. Graham. 
References
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