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Salvadora deserticola SCHMIDT, 1940

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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Big Bend Patchnose Snake
G: Wüsten-Pflasternasennatter
S: Culebra Chata de Montaña 
SynonymSalvadora hexalepis deserticola SCHMIDT 1940
Salvadora hexalepis celeris SMITH 1941: 9
Salvadora hexalepis celeris — SMITH & TAYLOR 1945: 124
Salvadora hexalepis deserticola — BOGERT 1945
Salvadora hexalepis deserticola — ZWEIFEL & NORRIS 1955
Salvadora deserticola — BOGERT & DEGENHARDT 1961
Salvadora hexalepis deserticola — HARDY 1969: 198
Salvadora hexalepis deserticola — STEBBINS 1985: 185
Salvadora deserticola — TANNER 1985: 642
Salvadora deserticola — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 193
Salvadora deserticola — LINER 1994
Salvadora hexalepis deserticola — CROTHER 2000
Salvadora deserticola — DIXON 2000
Salvadora deserticola — TENNANT & BARTLETT 2000: 306
Salvadora deserticola — TENNANT 2003: 192
Salvadora deserticola — ERNST & ERNST 2003: 305
Salvadora hexalepis deserticola — LINER 2007
Salvadora hexalepis deserticola — CROTHER et al. 2012
Salvadora deserticola — WALLACH et al. 2014: 660
Salvadora deserticola — HEIMES 2016: 146
Salvadora deserticola — LEMOS-ESPINAL & SMITH 2020
Salvadora deserticola — BASSETT & PANDELIS 2024 
DistributionUSA (SE Arizona, SW New Mexico, SW Texas),
Mexico (E Sonora, Chihuahua, Sinaloa, Coahuila, Durango)

Type locality: Texas, Brewster County, near Chisos Mountains, Government Spring.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: FMNH 26615
Holotype: USNM 40043 [Salvadora hexalepis celeris] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Allied to Salvadora hexalepis hexalepis in the separation of the posterior chin shields, enlargement of the rostral, nine upper labials, in having keeled supra-anal scales, and in pale grayish coloration; distinguished by the uniformly single loreal, lower ventral count, and the situation of the narrow lateral line on the fourth scale row instead of on the third and fourth [from SCHMIDT 1940].


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CommentSubspecies: Salvadora hexalepis deserticola has been elevated to valid species. Recognition of the species S. deserticola was made without justification by Bogert and Degenhardt (1961). However, Bogert (1945), describes characters justifying the distrinction and states that there are no intergrades.

Distribution: See map in HERNÁNDEZ-JIMÉNEZ et al. 2021: Fig. 6. 
EtymologyThe species name is derived from the Latin words ‘desertum’, which means ‘desert’, and ‘icola’, which means ‘inhabitant’, in reference to the habitat at the type locality. 
References
  • Bassett, L., & Pandelis, G. 2024. Updated geographic distributions for Texas reptiles. Reptiles & Amphibians, 31(1): e21492-e21492 - get paper here
  • Bogert, Charles M. 1945. Two additional races of the patch-nosed snake, Salvadora hexalepis. American Museum Novitates (1285): 1-14 - get paper here
  • Bogert, Charles M.; Degenhardt, William G. 1961. An addition to the fauna of the United States, the Chihuahua Ridge-nosed rattlesnake in New Mexico. American Museum Novitates (2064): 1-15 - get paper here
  • Conant,R. & Collins,J.T. 1991. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern/Central North America, 3rd ed. Houghton Mifflin (Boston/New York), xx + 450 p.
  • Crother, B. I. (ed.) 2012. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Seventh Edition. Herpetological Circular 39: 1-92
  • Davis DR, LaDuc TJ 2018. Amphibians and reptiles of C. E. Miller Ranch and the Sierra Vieja, Chihuahuan Desert, Texas, USA. ZooKeys 735: 97-130 - get paper here
  • De los Reyes, M N; Lazcano, D & Espinosa-Trevino, A 2018. Geographic Distribution: Salvadora deserticola (Big Bend Patch-nosed Snake). Herpetological Review 49 (3): 507 - get paper here
  • Dixon, James R. 2000. Amphibians and reptiles of Texas, second edition. Texas A&M University Press, 421 pp.
  • Hardy, L.M., & McDiarmid, R.W. 1969. The amphibians and reptiles of Sinaloa, Mexico. Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. 18 (3): 39-252. - get paper here
  • Heimes, P. 2016. Snakes of Mexico. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 572 pp
  • Hernandez T, Herr MW, Stevens S, Cork K, Medina-Nava C, Vialpando CJ, Warfel T, Fields N, Brodie C, Graham SP 2019. New distribution records for amphibians and reptiles in eastern Chihuahua, Mexico. Check List 15(1): 79-86 - get paper here
  • Hernández-Jiménez, C. A., Flores-Villela, O., Aguilar-Bremauntz, A., & Campbell, J. A. 2021. Phylogenetic relationships based on morphological data and taxonomy of the genus Salvadora Baird & Girard, 1853 (Reptilia, Colubridae). European Journal of Taxonomy, 764: 85-118 - get paper here
  • Jameson, David H.;Flury, Alvin G. 1949. The reptiles and amphibians of the Sierra Vieja Range of southwestern Texas. Texas Journal of Science 1 (2): 54-77 - get paper here
  • Lazcano D, Nevárez-de los Reyes M, García-Padilla E, Johnson JD, Mata-Silva V, DeSantis DL, Wilson LD. 2019. The herpetofauna of Coahuila, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13(2) [General Section]: 31–94 (e189) - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR 2020. A checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Sinaloa, Mexico with a conservation status summary and comparisons with neighboring states. ZooKeys 931: 85-114 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR, Gadsden-Esparza H, Valdez-Lares R, Woolrich-Piña GA 2018. Amphibians and reptiles of the state of Durango, Mexico, with comparisons with adjoining states. ZooKeys 748: 65-87 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR, Rorabaugh JC 2019. A conservation checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Sonora, Mexico, with updated species lists. ZooKeys 829: 131-160 - get paper here
  • Liner, Ernest A. 2007. A CHECKLIST OF THE AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF MEXICO. Louisiana State University Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural Science 80: 1-60 - get paper here
  • Nevárez-de los Reyes; Manuel, David Lazcano, Javier Banda-Leal and Ian Recchio 2014. Notes on Mexican Herpetofauna 22: Herpetofauna of the Continental Portion of the Municipality of Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. Bull. Chicago Herp. Soc. 49(8):105-115 - get paper here
  • Schmidt,K.P. 1940. Notes on Texan snakes of the genus Salvadora. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Zool. Series 24 (12): 143-150 - get paper here
  • Smith, H.M. 1941. Further notes on Mexican snakes of the genus Salvadora. Smithsonian Misc. Coll. 99 (20): 1-12 - get paper here
  • Stebbins,R.C. 1985. A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians, 2nd ed. Houghton Mifflin, Boston
  • Tanner, Wilmer W. 1985. Snakes of Western Chihuahua. Great Basin Naturalist 45 (4): 615-676 - get paper here
  • Tennant, A. 2003. Snakes of North America - Eastern and Central Regions, revised edition. Lone Star Books, 605 pp.
  • Turner, D. S., Van Devender, T. R., Hale, S. F., Zach, R., Martínez, R., Van Devender, R. W., ... & Paholski, C. 2022. Amphibians and reptiles of Rancho Las Playitas area, Sonora, Mexico. Sonoran Herpetologist, 35, 50-59 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Zweifel,R.G. and Norris,K.S. 1955. Contributions to the herpetology of Sonora, Mexico:Descriptions of new subspecies of snakes (Micruroides euryxanthus and Lampropeltis getulus) and miscellaneous collecting notes. American Midland Naturalist 54: 230-249 - get paper here
 
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