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Salvadora intermedia HARTWEG, 1940

IUCN Red List - Salvadora intermedia - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Oaxacan Patchnose Snake
S: Cuijera de Oaxaca 
SynonymSalvadora intermedia HARTWEG 1940
Salvadora intermedia richardi SMITH 1941
Salvadora intermedia — SMITH & TAYLOR 1945
Salvadora intermedia — LINER 1994
Salvadora intermedia — LINER 2007
Salvadora intermedia — WALLACH et al. 2014: 660
Salvadora intermedia — HERNÁNDEZ-JIMÉNEZ et al. 2021 
DistributionMexico (Oaxaca)

Type locality: Chilpancingo, Guerrero.

richardi: Mexico (Puebla); Type locality: Mexico: 1 mi N of Tehuacan, Puebla;  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: UMMZ 85733
Holotype: INHS (= UIMNH) 25071 (23470), E. H. Taylor and R. C.
Taylor; August 8, 1940 [richardi] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Rostral scale elongated; generally 8 supralabials (occasionally 9), the fourth and fifth normally in contact with the eye; 10–11 infralabials; preocular scale divided; a single loreal scale; prenasal scale in contact with or separated from the second supralabial; chinshields in contact or separated by two small scales; ventral scales 172 to 190; subcaudal scales 84 to 114; tail is 23 to 30% of the total length; 11 + 3 maxillary teeth. Color pattern formed by a vertebral line three scales rows wide, yellowish in color and in contact with the parietal region; a pair of lateral lines is fused with the dorsolateral lines on first third of body, separated at second third of the body to tail; dorsolateral lines wide and dark, diverging at the neck, passing through the temporal region to eye.
Salvadora intermedia differs from its congeners by having a divided preocular scale; fewer than 116 subcaudal scales; 8 supralabials, the fourth and fifth in contact with the eye; the second pair of chinshields in contact with each other or separated by a row of scales; and two dark dorsolateral lines that diverge at the neck, passing through the temporal to eye (HERNÁNDEZ-JIMÉNEZ et al. 2021). 
CommentDistribution: See map in HERNÁNDEZ-JIMÉNEZ et al. 2021: Fig. 10. 
EtymologyFrom the Latin “intermedius” meaning something in a middle point or stage. 
References
  • Canseco-Márquez, L., & Gutiérrrez-Mayén, M.G. 2010. Anfibios y reptiles del Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán. Comisión Nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad, México D.F., Mexico, 302 pp - get paper here
  • Casas-Andreu, G., F.R. Méndez-De la Cruz and X. Aguilar-Miguel. 2004. Anfibios y Reptiles; pp. 375–390, in A.J.M. García-Mendoza, J. Ordoñez and M. Briones-Salas (ed.). Biodiversidad de Oaxaca. Instituto de Biología, UNAM-Fondo Oaxaqueño para la Conservación de la Naturaleza-World Wildlife Fund, México, D. F.
  • Davis,W.B. & Dixon,J.R. 1957. Notes on Mexican Snakes (Ophidia). Southwestern Naturalist 2: 19-27 - get paper here
  • García-Padilla E, DeSantis DL, Rocha A, Mata-Silva V, Johnson JD, Wilson LD. 2020. Conserving the Mesoamerican herpetofauna: the most critical case of the priority level one endemic species. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 14(2) [General Section]: 73–132 (e240) - get paper here
  • Gehlbach, Frederick R.;Collette, Bruce B. 1957. A contribution to the herpetofauna of the highlands of Oaxaca, Mexico. Herpetologica 13: 227-232 - get paper here
  • Hartweg, N. 1940. Description of Salvadora intermedia, new species, with remarks on the grahamiae group. Copeia 1940 (4): 256-259 - get paper here
  • Heimes, P. 2016. Snakes of Mexico. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 572 pp
  • Hernández-Jiménez, C. A., Flores-Villela, O., Aguilar-Bremauntz, A., & Campbell, J. A. 2021. Phylogenetic relationships based on morphological data and taxonomy of the genus Salvadora Baird & Girard, 1853 (Reptilia, Colubridae). European Journal of Taxonomy, 764: 85-118 - get paper here
  • HERNÁNDEZ-JIMÉNEZ, CARLOS ALBERTO; OSCAR FLORES-VILLELA, JONATHAN ATWOOD CAMPBELL 2019. A new species of patch-nosed snake (Colubridae: Salvadora Baird and Girard, 1853) from Oaxaca, Mexico. Zootaxa 4564 (2): 588–600 - get paper here
  • Illescas-Aparicio, M., Clark-Tapia, R., González-Hernández, A., Vásquez-Díaz, Pedro R. & Aguirre-Hidalgo, V. 2016. Diversidad y riqueza herpetofaunística asociada al bosque de manejo forestal y áreas de cultivo, en Ixtlán de Juárez, Oaxaca. Acta Zoológica Mexicana (n.s.) 32(3): 359-369 - get paper here
  • Jiménez-Arcos, V H; Alfaro-Juantorena, L A & Calzada-Arciniega, R A 2018. Salvadora intermedia (Oaxacan Patch-nosed Snake) Diet. Herpetological Review 49 (3): 556-557 - get paper here
  • Liner, Ernest A. 2007. A CHECKLIST OF THE AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF MEXICO. Louisiana State University Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural Science 80: 1-60 - get paper here
  • Mata-Silva, Vicente, Jerry D. Johnson, Larry David Wilson and Elí García-Padilla. 2015. The herpetofauna of Oaxaca, Mexico: composition, physiographic distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (1): 6–62 - get paper here
  • Palacios-Aguilar, Ricardo & OSCAR FLORES-VILLELA 2018. An updated checklist of the herpetofauna from Guerrero, Mexico. Zootaxa 4422 (1): 1-24 - get paper here
  • Sánchez-López, K. E., Martín-Regalado, C. N., Gómez-Ugalde, R. M., & Martínez-Ramírez, E. 2025. Diversity of Amphibians and Reptiles in Conserved Forests and Disturbed Areas: A Comparison in Southern Mexico. Diversity, 17(3): 141 - get paper here
  • Santos-Bibiano, Rufino, Ricardo Palacios-Aguilar, Esmeralda Castro-Santos and Elizabeth Beltrán-Sánchez. 2016. Nature Notes. Salvadora intermedia (Oaxacan Patch-nosed Snake). Diet. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3 (1): 159–160 - get paper here
  • Smith, H.M. 1941. Further notes on Mexican snakes of the genus Salvadora. Smithsonian Misc. Coll. 99 (20): 1-12 - get paper here
  • Smith, Hobart M. & Taylor, Edward H. 1945. An annotated checklist and key to the snakes of Mexico. Bull. US Natl. Mus. (187): iv + 1-239 - get paper here
  • Trujillo–Caballero, S. & J. A. González–Oreja 2018. Efficient vs. structured biodiversity inventories: reptiles in a Mexican dry scrubland as a case study. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 41.2 (2018) 245 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Woolrich-Piña, G. A., E. García-Padilla, D. L. DeSantis, J. D. Johnson, V. Mata-Silva, and L. D. Wilson 2017. The herpetofauna of Puebla, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4 (4): 791–884 - get paper here
 
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