Sauresia synoria SCHOOLS & HEDGES, 2024
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Sauresia synoria
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| Higher Taxa | Diploglossidae, Diploglossa, Anguimorpha, Sauria, Squamata (lizards) |
| Subspecies | |
| Common Names | E: Borderland Four-toed Forest Lizard |
| Synonym | Sauresia synoria SCHOOLS & HEDGES 2024: 251 Sauresia sepsoides — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988:162 (part) Sauresia sepsoides — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1991:463 (part) Celestus sepsoides — HEDGES et al., 2019:17 (part) Sauresia sepsoides — SCHOOLS & HEDGES 2021:231 (part) Sauresia sepsoides — LANDESTOY et al. 2022: 205 (part) |
| Distribution | Dominican Republic Type locality: 22 km N Pedernales (at the Rio Mulito), Pedernales province, Dominican Republic |
| Reproduction | |
| Types | Holotype. ANSP 38689, an adult male, collected by S. Blair Hedges and Richard Thomas on 26 June 1985 (18.1544, -71.7581; 274 m). Paratypes (n=3). DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. Pedernales. SBH 160343, Richard Thomas and S. Blair Hedges, Pedernales, 22 km N at Rio Mulito, 6 June 1985. HAITI. Sud-Est. MCZ R-131326–7, George whiteman, Thiotte on road to Sal Trou, 1–31 March 1972. |
| Diagnosis | Diagnosis. Sauresia synoria sp. nov. has (1) a dorsal pattern of absent, (2) head markings absent/present, (3) markings in the longitudinal paramedian area present, (4) dots arranged in bars in the lateral band absent, (5) a maximum SVL of 53.5–72.0 mm, (6) ventral scale rows, 114–127, (7) midbody scale rows, 34–36, (8) total lamellae on one hand, 16–18, (9) total strigae on ten scales, 84–111, (10) relative length of all digits on one hindlimb, 10.5– 12.3 %, (11) relative distance between the angled subocular and mouth, 0.0561–0.472 %, (12) relative eye length, 2.47–2.94 %, (13) relative forelimb length, 9.14–11.9 %, (14) relative ear width, 0.361–0.670 %, (15) relative rostral height, 1.82–1.94 %, (16) relative head length, 12.3–15.9 %, (17) relative mental width, 1.21–1.70 %, (18) relative postmental width, 2.09–2.75 %, (19) relative cloacal width, 5.62–6.94 %, (20) relative prefrontal width, 3.01–3.30 %, (21) relative largest supraocular width, 1.57–1.91 %, (22) relative longest finger length, 1.75–2.52 %, (23) relative distance between the ear and eye, 5.91–7.81 %, (24) relative head width, 70.8–76.0 %, (25) relative frontal width, 82.0–94.4 %, (26) relative nasal height, 0.754–1.09 %, (27) relative angled subocular height, 0.880–1.22 %, (28) relative distance between the eye and naris, 2.67–3.61 %, (29) relative canthal iii length, 0.943–1.31 %, (30) relative angled subocular width, 1.82–2.30 %, and (31) relative nasal length, 1.13–1.35 %. The species stem time is 0.78 Ma and no data are available to estimate the species crown time (Fig. 4). we distinguish Sauresia synoria sp. nov. from the other species of Sauresia based on a complex of traits. From Sauresia agramma sp. nov., we distinguish S. synoria sp. nov. by the midbody scale rows (34–36 versus 37–39), the relative frontal width (82.0–94.4 versus 80.2–81.9), and the relative nasal width (1.13–1.35 versus 1.36–1.57). From S. cayemitae sp. nov., we distinguish S. synoria sp. nov. by the frontal width by the SVL (3.78– 4.32 versus 3.11–3.75) (see Remarks). From S. gracilis sp. nov., we distinguish S. synoria sp. nov. by the dorsal pattern (absent versus mottled/lineate), the adult SVL (53.5–72.0 versus 51.1), the ventral scale rows (114–127 versus 103), the relative length of digits on one hindlimb (10.5–12.3 versus 13.8), the relative eye length (2.47–2.94 versus 2.97), the relative mental width (1.21–1.70 versus 1.76), the relative postmental width (2.09–2.75 versus 2.76), the relative cloacal width (5.62–6.94 versus 7.18), the relative prefrontal width (3.01–3.30 versus 3.81), the relative largest supraocular width (1.57–1.91 versus 2.44), the relative head width (70.8–76.0 versus 67.6), and the relative width of canthal iii (0.943–1.31 versus 1.82). From S. manicula sp. nov., we distinguish S. synoria sp. nov. by the midbody scale rows (34–36 versus 37–38), the total strigae on ten scales (84–111 versus 119–150), the relative eye length (2.47–2.94 versus 2.29–2.32), the relative prefrontal width (3.01–3.30 versus 3.32–3.62), and the relative frontal width (82.0–94.4 versus 81.5). From S. pangnolae sp. nov., we distinguish S. synoria sp. nov. by the relative ear width (0.361–0.670 versus 0.681–1.11), the relative prefrontal width (3.01–3.30 versus 3.70–3.83), the relative frontal width (82.0–94.4 versus 69.6–81.5), and the relative nasal width (1.13–1.35 versus 1.38–1.62). From S. habichi, we distinguish S. synoria sp. nov. by the midbody scale rows (34–36 versus 38–41), the relative prefrontal width (3.01–3.30 versus 3.39–3.96), the relative largest supraocular width (1.57–1.91 versus 1.96–2.23), the relative head width (70.8–76.0 versus 77.7–78.6), the relative frontal width (82.0–94.4 versus 71.8–77.5), and the relative nasal width (1.13–1.35 versus 0.942–1.12). From S. sepsoides, we cannot distinguish S. synoria sp. nov. (see Remarks). (Schools & Hedges 2024) |
| Comment | Similar species: Sauresia synoria and S. cayemitae can only be separated by the frontal width by the SVL (3.78–4.32 [n=2] versus 3.11–3.75 [n=7]). Sauresia synoria sp. nov. and S. sepsoides cannot be distinguished morphologically. Multiple characters distinguish S. synoria sp. nov. and its closest relative, S. manicula sp. nov. |
| Etymology | Named after Greek synoria, a noun, meaning “borderland,” in reference to this species’ range extending into both the Dominican Republic and Haiti. |
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