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Scaphiodontophis venustissimus (GÜNTHER, 1894)

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Higher TaxaColubridae, Sibynophiinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Common Neckband Snake 
SynonymHenicognathus venustissimus GÜNTHER 1894: 144
Henicognathus venustissimus — GÜNTHER 1895
Polyodontophis venustissimus — ANDERSSON 1916: 26
Sibynophis zeteki DUNN 1930: 329
Sibynophis venustissimus — AMARAL 1933
Scaphiodontophis zeteki — TAYLOR & SMITH 1943: 317
Scaphiodontophis venustissimus — TAYLOR & SMITH 1943: 309
Scaphiodontophis annulatus nothus TAYLOR & SMITH 1943
Scaphiodontophis nothus TAYLOR & SMITH 1943: 320
Scaphiodontophis venustissimus — TAYLOR 1951: 35
Scaphiodontophis venustissimus — TAYLOR 1954: 684
Sibynophis venustissimus — MERTENS 1956: 544
Scaphiodontophis nothus — ÁLVAREZ DEL TORO & SMITH 1956: 14
Scaphiodontophis zeteki nothus — STUART 1963: 114
Scaphiodontophis zeteki nothus — ROZE 1969
Scaphiodontophis zeteki zeteki — ROZE 1969
Scaphiodontophis venustissimus — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 271
Scaphiodontophis venustissimus — HENDERSON 1982
Scaphiodontophis zeteki — ALVAREZ DEL TORO 1982
Scaphiodontophis annulatus zeteki — SMITH et al. 1986
Scaphiodontophis annulatus nothus — SMITH et al. 1986
Scaphiodontophis annulatus venustissimus — SMITH et al. 1986
Scaphiodontophis annulatus zeteki — FLORES-VILLELA 1993
Scaphiodontophis annulatus nothus — FLORES-VILLELA 1993
Scaphiodontophis zeteki nothus — SAVAGE & SLOWINSKI 1996
Scaphiodontophis venustissimus — MCCRANIE 2006
Scaphiodontophis venustissimus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 663
Scaphiodontophis venustissimus — SUNYER & MARTÍNEZ-FONSECA 2023 
DistributionNicaragua, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia

Type locality: Hacienda Santa Rosa de Jericho, 3250 ft. elevation, Matagalpa, Nicaragua.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesTypes: BMNH 1946.1.1.35-36 (and possibly additional specimens).
Holotype: MCZ 29060 [zeteki] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (2471 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentSynonymy: S. venustissimus was synonymized with Scaphiodontophis annulatus by SMITH et al. 1986 but revalidated by McCranie 2006. Synonymy of Sibynophis zeteki with S. venustissimus fide Wallach et al. 2014 who also consider dugandi as a synonym of venustissimus (both were previously considered as a synonym of Scaphiodontophis annulatus). 
EtymologyFrom the Latin venustus (beautiful) in allusion to the bold complex colour pattern.  
References
  • Amaral, A. do. 1933. Estudos sobre ophidios neotropicos XXIX. Novas notas sobre especies da Colombia. Mem. Inst. Butantan 7: 105-123 [1932] - get paper here
  • Andersson, L.G. 1916. Notes on the reptiles and batrachians in the Zoological Museum at Gothenburg with an account of some new species. Göteborgs Kungliga Vetenskap och Vitter Hets-Samnalles Hndlingar Sjatte Foljden (Series B, 4) 17 (5) [ = Meddelanden fran Göteborgs Musei Zoologiska Afdelning, No. 9]: 1-41
  • Dunn, Emmett Reid 1942. New or Noteworthy Snakes from Panama. Notulae Naturae 108:1-8.
  • Günther, A. C. L. G. 1885. Reptilia and Batrachia. Biologia Centrali-Américana. Taylor, & Francis, London, 326 pp. [published in parts from 1885-1902; reprint by the SSAR 1987] - get paper here
  • Henderson R W 1982. An unusually patterned Scaphiodontophis (Serpentes: Colubridae) from Costa Rica. Brenesia 19-20: 359-362
  • Köhler, G. 2008. Reptiles of Central America. 2nd Ed. Herpeton-Verlag, 400 pp.
  • McCranie J R 2011. The snakes of Honduras. SSAR, Salt Lake City, 725 pp.
  • McCranie, J. R. 2009. Amphibians and Reptiles of Honduras. Listas Zoológicas Actualizadas UCR. Museo de Zoología UCR. San Pedro, Costa Rica. Last Actualization on November 12, 2009 - get paper here
  • McCranie, James R. 2006. Northeastern Honduras and the Systematics of the Colubrid Snake Scaphiodontophis. Carib. J. Sci. 42 (1): 136-138
  • McCranie, James R. 2015. A checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Honduras, with additions, comments on taxonomy, some recent taxonomic decisions, and areas of further studies needed. Zootaxa 3931 (3): 352–386 - get paper here
  • Pérez-Santos, C. E. 1986. Zoogeografía de los Ophidia en Colombia. Univ. Complutense, Madrid, 2 vols., 971 pp.
  • Pérez-Santos,C. & Moreno, A.G. 1988. Ofidios de Colombia. Museo reegionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, Monographie VI, 517 pp.
  • Ray, Julie M. and Patty Ruback 2015. Updated checklists of snakes for the provinces of Panamá and Panamá Oeste, Republic of Panama. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (2): 168-188 - get paper here
  • Restrepo A, Molina-Zuluaga C, Hurtado JP, Marín CM, Daza JM 2017. Amphibians and reptiles from two localities in the northern Andes of Colombia. Check List 13 (4): 203-237 - get paper here
  • Sasa, M., Arias, E., & Chaves, G. 2025. Annotated list of amphibians and reptiles of Costa Rica: The role of the Museum of Zoology in cataloging the country’s herpetological diversity. Revista de Biología Tropical, 73(S2): e64536-e64536 - get paper here
  • Savage J M; Slowinski J B 1996. Evolution of coloration, urotomy and coral snake mimicry in the snake genus Scaphiodontophis (Serpentes: Colubridae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 57 (2): 129-194 - get paper here
  • Smith, H.M.; Fitzgerald, K.; Pérez-Higareda, G. & D. Chiszar 1986. Taxonomic Rearrangement of the Snakes of the genus Scaphiodontophis. Bull. Maryland Herp. Soc. 22 (4): 159-166 - get paper here
  • Solís, J. M., L. D. Wilson, and J. H. Townsend. 2014. An updated list of the amphibians and reptiles of Honduras, with comments on their nomenclature. Mesoamerican Herpetology 1: 123–144 - get paper here
  • Sunyer, Javier 2014. An updated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Nicaragua. Mesoamerican Herpetology 1 (2): 186–202. - get paper here
  • Sunyer, Javier & José́ Gabriel Martínez-Fonseca 2023. An updated country checklist to the amphibians and reptiles of Nicaragua. REVISTA NICARAGÜENSE DE BIODIVERSIDAD (100): 1-25 - get paper here
  • Taylor, Edward H. & Smith, Hobart M. 1943. A review of American Sibynophine snakes, with a proposal of a new genus. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 29 (6): 301-337 - get paper here
  • Taylor,E.H. 1951. A brief review ot the snakes of Costa Rica. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 34 (1): 3-188 - get paper here
  • Taylor,E.H. 1954. Further studies on the serpents of Costa Rica. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 36: 673-800. - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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