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Smithophis linearis VOGEL, CHEN, DEEPAK, GOWER, SHI, DING & HOU, 2020

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Higher TaxaColubridae (Natricinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Jingpo mountain stream snake, Lined smithophis
G: Jingpo Gebirgsbachnatter
Chinese: 线纹溪蛇 (Xiàn Wén Xī Shé) 
SynonymSmithophis linearis VOGEL, CHEN, DEEPAK, GOWER, SHI, DING & HOU 2020
Ablabes bicolor — ANDERSON 1879: 809
Pseudocyclophis bicolor — BOULENGER 1890: 300) (in part)
Rhabdops bicolor — WALL 1925: 810
Rhabdops bicolor — WALL 1926: 561
Rhabdops bicolor — POPE 1935: 176 (in part)
Rhabdops bicolor — SMITH 1943: 328 (in part)
Rhabdops bicolor — GIRI et al. 2019: 245 (in part) 
DistributionChina (Yunnan)

Type locality: Nabang Town (24°43'18.78"N, 97°35'03.12"E), Yingjiang County, Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China, elevation ca. 467 m a.s.l.  
Reproduction 
TypesHolotype. KIZ 059110, an adult female, collected by Mian Hou on 10th August 2015.
Paratypes (n = 3). ZSIK 4194, an adult male from Muangla (now Jiucheng Town: 24°44'29.12"N, 98°04'38.97"E, 849 m), Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China, collected 1868 based on Anderson’s (1876) report of his expedition during which he visited Muangla in the first of two (1868 and 1875) expeditions. BMNH 1925.12.22.41 (Fig. 9) and BMNH 1925.12.22.42 (Fig. 10), adult males, from Huton [now Hutung], Kachin State, Myanmar (ca. 24.25° N, 97.52° E, ca. 1,500 m).
Additional specimens: Wall (1925, 1926) reported four specimens (as Rhabdops bicolor) from Huton, Kachin Hills, Myanmar. Two specimens from Wall were accessioned into the BMNH collection on 22 December 1925, with locality data of “Huton, Kachin Hills”. On the basis of subcaudal scale counts, the two BMNH specimens are probably the two larger (of three) specimens reported by Wall (1926). The current whereabouts of the other two specimens reported by Wall (1925, 1926) is unknown. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Smithophis linearis sp. nov. differs from the two other nominal species of Smithophis in having six or more scales (excluding supralabials) contacting the eye (versus 5 in S. bicolor and 4 in S. atemporalis) and in having a colour pattern comprising parallel, narrow, pale and very dark lines along the upper part of the body and tail. The new species is further distinguished from S. atemporalis by having (versus lacking) temporals. In terms of genetic divergence, Smithophis linearis sp. nov. differs from S. bicolor and S. atemporalis by a p-distance of >10% (cytb gene) (Vogel et al. 2020).


Additional details (1646 characters) are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
Comment 
EtymologyThe species epithet is the Latin adjective linearis (-e), meaning “with lines”, in reference to the narrow pale and dark lines along the upper part of the body. 
References
  • Anderson, J. 1879. Reptilia and amphibia. In: Anatomical and Zoological Researches: Comprising an Account of the Zoological Results of the Two Expeditions to Western Yunnan in 1868 and 1875. Volume I. [pages 703-860, 969-975 index.]. Bernard Quarich, London, Vol. I: 705– 860,[1878] - get paper here
  • DAS A, Deepak V, Captain A, Wade EOZ, Gower DJ. 2020. Description of a new species of Smithophis Giri et al. 2019 (Serpentes: Colubridae: Natricinae) from Arunachal Pradesh, India. Zootaxa 4860 (2): 267-283 - get paper here
  • GIRI, VARAD B.; DAVID J. GOWER, ABHIJIT DAS, H.T. LALREMSANGA, SAMUEL LALRONUNGA, ASHOK CAPTAIN, V. DEEPAK 2019. A new genus and species of natricine snake from northeast India. Zootaxa 4603 (2): 241-264 - get paper here
  • Pope, CLIFFORD H. 1935. The Reptiles of China. Turtes, Crocodilians, Snakes, Lizards. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York, Nat. Hist. Central Asia, 10: lii, 1-604 - get paper here
  • Smith, M.A. 1943. The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. 3 (Serpentes). Taylor and Francis, London. 583 pp.
  • VOGEL, G., CHEN, Z., DEEPAK, V., GOWER, D. J., SHI, J., DING, L., & HOU, M. 2020. A new species of the genus Smithophis (Squamata: Serpentes: Natricidae) from southwestern China and northeastern Myanmar. Zootaxa 4803 (1): 51-74 - get paper here
  • Wall, F. 1926. Snakes collected in Burma in 1925. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 31 (3): 558–566 - get paper here
  • Wall, FRANK 1925. Notes on snakes collected in Burma in 1924. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 30 (4): 805-821. - get paper here
  • Wang K, Lyu ZT, Wang J, Qi S, Che J 2022. Updated Checklist and Zoogeographic Division of the Reptilian Fauna of Yunnan Province, China. Biodiversity Science 30 (4): 21326, 1–31 - get paper here
 
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