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Sonora michoacanensis (DUGÈS, 1885)

IUCN Red List - Sonora michoacanensis - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Michoacán Ground Snake
S: Culebra de Tierra de Michocán 
SynonymContia michoacanensis DUGÈS in COPE 1885: 178
Elapomorphus michoacanensis – COPE 1895
Homalocranium michoacanense – GÜNTHER 1895
Chionactis michoacanensis – COPE 1896
Scolecophis michoacanensis – BOULENGER 1896
Sonora michoacanensis — DUNN 1928
Sonora michoacanensis — ECHTERNACHT 1973
Sonora erythrura TAYLOR 1937
Sonora michoacanensis — LINER 1994
Sonora michoacanensis — PONCE-CAMPOS et al. 2004
Sonora michoacanensis — LINER 2007
Sonora michoacanensis — COX et al. 2012
Sonora michoacanensis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 680
Sonora (Eosonora) michoacanensis — COX et al. 2018: 977 
DistributionMexico (Colima, Guerrero, Michoacan; Morelos, Puebla, Jalisco, Mexico)

Type locality: Michoacan, Mexico (neotype locality). Restricted to ‘Apatzingan, Michoacán’ by Smith & Taylor (1950).

erythrura: Mexico (Guerrero); Type locality: Mexico: 10 mi S Taxco, Guerrero;  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesNeotype: BMNH 1946.1.14.65; the type at MADUG is lost fide Flores-Villela et al. 2016.
Holotype: INHS (= UIMNH) 25063 (5440), E. H. Taylor; July 17, 1936. [Sonora erythrura] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: This species can be distinguished from S. mutabilis based on the almost invariable absence of banding on the tail, and from S. aemula based on the absence of a file-like tail (Fig. 13). We note that one specimen from the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ 109904) has a single narrow band on the tail [COX et al. 2012].


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CommentSubspecies: Sonora michoacanensis mutabilis STICKEL 1943 has been elevated to full species status.

Publication date: Sometimes given as 1884; Flores-Villela et al. 2016 gave the publication date as 1885. 
EtymologyNamed after the type locality. 
References
  • Castro-Franco, Rubén, María Guasalupe Bustos-Zagal 1994. List of reptiles of Morelos, Mexico, and their distribution in relation to vegetation types. Southwestern Naturalist 39 (2): 171-175 - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1885. Twelfth contribution to the herpetology of tropical America. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 22: 167-194 [1884] - get paper here
  • Cox, Christian L.; Alison R. Davis Rabosky, Iris A. Holmes, Jacobo Reyes-Velasco, Corey E. Roelke, Eric N. Smith, Oscar Flores-Villela, Jimmy A. McGuire & Jonathan A. Campbell 2018. Synopsis and taxonomic revision of three genera in the snake tribe Sonorini. Journal of Natural History 52: 945-988 - get paper here
  • Cox, Christian L.; Alison R. Davis Rabosky, Jacobo Reyes-Velasco, Paulino Ponce-Campos, Eric N. Smith, Oscar Flores-Villela & Jonathan A. Campbell 2012. Molecular systematics of the genus Sonora (Squamata: Colubridae) in central and western Mexico. Systematics and Biodiversity 10: 93-108 - get paper here
  • Dunn, E. R. 1928. New Central American snakes in the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum Novitates (314): 1-4 - get paper here
  • Echternacht, A.C. 1973. The color pattern of Sonora michoacanensis (Dugès) (Serpentes: Colubridae) and its bearing on the origin of the species. Breviora (410): 1-18 - get paper here
  • FLORES-VILLELA, OSCAR; CÉSAR A. RÍOS-MUÑOZ, GLORIA E. MAGAÑA-COTA & NÉSTOR L. QUEZADAS-TAPIA 2016. Alfredo Dugès’ type specimens of amphibians and reptiles revisited. Zootaxa 4092 (1): 033–054 - get paper here
  • Hall, Charles W. 1951. Notes on a small herpetological collection from Guerreo. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 34 (4): 201-212 - get paper here
  • Harris, H.S., Jr. & R.S. Simmons 1970. A Sonora michoacanensis michoacanensis (Dugés) from Colima, Mexico Bull. Maryland Herpetol. Soc., 6(1): 6-7. - get paper here
  • Heimes, P. 2016. Snakes of Mexico. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 572 pp
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR 2020. A conservation checklist of the herpetofauna of Morelos, with comparisons with adjoining states. ZooKeys 941: 121-144 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR, Pierce LJS, Painter CW 2020. The amphibians and reptiles of Colima, Mexico, with a summary of their conservation status. ZooKeys 927: 99-125 - get paper here
  • Liner, Ernest A. 2007. A CHECKLIST OF THE AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF MEXICO. Louisiana State University Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural Science 80: 1-60 - get paper here
  • Palacios-Aguilar, Ricardo & OSCAR FLORES-VILLELA 2018. An updated checklist of the herpetofauna from Guerrero, Mexico. Zootaxa 4422 (1): 1-24 - get paper here
  • PONCE-CAMPOS, P., SMITH, H.M., HARRIS, H.S. & CHISZAR, D. 2004. A review of the taxonomic status of the members of the Sonora michoacanensis group (Serpentes: Colubridae). Bull. Maryland Herp. Soc. 40: 144–151 - get paper here
  • Schmidt, Karl P.;Shannon, Frederick A. 1947. Notes on amphibians and reptiles of Michoacan, Mexico. Zoological Series of Field Museum of Natural History 31 (9): 63-85
  • Smith, Hobart M. & Taylor, Edward H. 1945. An annotated checklist and key to the snakes of Mexico. Bull. US Natl. Mus. (187): iv + 1-239 - get paper here
  • Solano-García L, Suárez-Varón G, Gómez-Benitez A, Granados-González G, Hernández-Gallegos O 2025. An endemic coralsnake mimic: a new state record of Sonora michoacanensis (Dugès, 1885) (Squamata, Colubridae) in Central Mexico. Check List 21(1): 64-67 - get paper here
  • Stickel, W.H. 1943. The Mexican snakes of the genera Sonora and Chionactis with notes on the status of other colubrid genera. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 56: 109-128 - get paper here
  • Taylor, Edward Harrison 1937. A new snake of the genus Sonora, with comments on S. michoacanensis. Herpetologica 1: 69-72 - get paper here
  • Vázquez Díaz, Joel;Quintero Díaz, Gustavo E. 2005. Anfibios y Reptiles de Aguascalientes [2nd ed.]. CONABIO, CIEMA, 318 pp.
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Woolrich-Piña, G. A., E. García-Padilla, D. L. DeSantis, J. D. Johnson, V. Mata-Silva, and L. D. Wilson 2017. The herpetofauna of Puebla, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4 (4): 791–884 - get paper here
  • Zweifel, Richard G. 1959. Additions to the herpetofauna of Nayarit, Mexico. American Museum Novitates (1953): 1-13 - get paper here
 
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