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Spalerosophis arenarius (BOULENGER, 1890)

IUCN Red List - Spalerosophis arenarius - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Red spotted royal snake, Red-spotted Diadem Snake 
SynonymZamenis arenarius BOULENGER 1890: 329
Zamenis arenarius — BOULENGER 1893: 413
Spalerosophis arenarius — SCHMIDT 1930
Coluber arenarius — SMITH 1943: 175
Spalerosophis arenarius — MINTON 1966
Spalerosophis arenarius — DAS 1996: 59
Spalerosophis arenarius — SCHÄTTI et al. 2009
Spalerosophis arenarius — WALLACH et al. 2014: 682 
DistributionIndia (Rajpootana, Jammu and Kashmir), Pakistan (Karachi, Sind, Gujarat), Afghanistan

Type locality: Karachi and Sind; restricted to Karachi by MARX 1959.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesTypes: BMNH 1946.1.12.93 (and possibly additional specimens). 
DiagnosisUnfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data to their customers. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions or comparisons (about 1052 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentHabitat: partly arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018).

Distribution: For a map see Sindaco et al. 2013,Yadollahvandmiandoab at al. 2022: Fig. 3. 
EtymologyNamed after the eminently sandy habitat of the species, from Latin arena = sand, sandy place, coast. 
References
  • Baig, Khalid J. and Rafaqat Masroor 2008. The snakes of the genus Spalerosophis Jan, 1865 in Indo-Pakistan and Iran (Squamata: Serpentes: Colubridae). Herpetozoa 20 (3/4): 109-115 [2007] - get paper here
  • Baig, KJ, Masroor, R., and Arshad, M. 2008. Biodiversity and ecology of the herpetofauna of Cholistan Desert, Pakistan. Russ. J. Herpetol. 15 (3): 193-205 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. London (Taylor & Francis), 448 pp. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, George A. 1890. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. Taylor & Francis, London, xviii, 541 pp. - get paper here
  • Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here
  • JABLONSKI, D., BASIT, A., RANDALL, P., & MASROOR, R. 2025. Untangling the Wallacean Shortfall: The herpetofauna of central-eastern Afghanistan including two snake species new for the reptiles list of the country. Zootaxa 5588(2): 227-249 - get paper here
  • Lanza, B. 1964. Il genere Sphalerosophis e descrizione di una nuova specie (Reptilia, Serpentes). Monit. zool. ital. 72: 47-64.
  • Maheta, J., Thakor, R., Shankhala, P., Prajapati, D., Zala, A., Bharavad, L., ... & Patel, S. 2023. Updated checklist of snakes with the first record of Spalerosophis arenarius in Gujarat and range extensions of five fpecies of snakes in the northern region of Gujarat, India. Reptiles & Amphibians 30 (1): e18403 - get paper here
  • Marx, H. 1959. Review of the colubrid snake genus Spalerosophis. Fieldiana Zoology 39: 347-361. - get paper here
  • Mehrtens, J.M. 1987. Living snakes of the world in color. Sterling Publ. Co., hic., New York, NY: 480 pp.
  • Minton, S. A. Jr. 1966. A contribution to the herpetology of West Pakistan. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 134: 29-184. - get paper here
  • Sahi D.N., Koul S. 2020. Annotated List of Amphibians and Reptiles of Jammu and Kashmir State. In: Dar G. & Khuroo A. (eds) Biodiversity of the Himalaya: Jammu and Kashmir State. Topics in Biodiversity and Conservation, vol 18. Springer, Singapore - get paper here
  • Schätti, B.; Tillack, F. & Helfenberger, N. 2009. A contribution to Spalerosophis microlepis JAN 1865, with a short review of the genus and a key to the species (Squamata: Serpentes: Colubridae). Herpetozoa 22 (3/4): 115-135 - get paper here
  • Sharma, R. C. 2004. Handbook Indian Snakes. AKHIL BOOKS, New Delhi, 292 pp.
  • Shehzad, M., Ullah, F., Khan, S. N., Majid, A., Rais, M., Khan, M. A., ... & Khan, S. 2023. Squamate Fauna of Southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Tank and Lakki Marwat Districts), Pakistan. Pakistan J. Zool. 2023: 1-7 - get paper here
  • Sindaco, R.; Alberto Venchi & Cristina Grieco 2013. The Reptiles of the Western Palearctic, Volume 2: Annotated Checklist and Distributional Atlas of the Snakes of Europe, North Africa, Middle East and Central Asia, with an Update to Volume 1. Edizioni Belvedere, Latina (Italy), 543 pp. - get paper here
  • Smith, M.A. 1943. The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. 3 (Serpentes). Taylor and Francis, London. 583 pp.
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Whitaker, Romulus and Ashok Captain 2004. Snakes of India. Draco Books, 500 pp., reprinted 2007 - get paper here
  • Yadollahvandmiandoab, R., Koroiva, R., Bashirichelkasari, N. & Daniel Oliveira Mesquita 2022. Phylogenetic relationships and divergence times of the poorly known genus Spalerosophis (Serpentes: Colubridae). Org Divers Evol (2022) - get paper here
 
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