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Spilotes sulphureus (WAGLER, 1824)

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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesSpilotes sulphureus dieperinkii (SCHLEGEL 1837)
Spilotes sulphureus sulphureus (WAGLER 1824) 
Common NamesE: Yellow-bellied Hissing Snake, Amazon Puffing Snake
Portuguese: Caçadora, Caninana, Caninana-Amarela, Caninana-Dourada, Caninana-Vermelha, Papa-Ova, Papa-Ovo, Papa-Pinto, Papa-Pinto-de-Papo-Amarelo, Papa-Pinto-de-Papo-Vermelho, Papa-Pinto-Vermelha, Papa-Rato, Rateira, Surucucu-de-Fogo, Surucucu-Dourado 
SynonymNatrix sulphurea WAGLER 1824: 26
Coluber poecilostoma WIED-NEUWIED 1824
Dipsas Dieperinkii SCHLEGEL 1837: 282
Dipsas Dieperinkii — BERTHOLD 1845
Spilotes poecilostoma — DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854: 221
Phrynonax sulphureus — BOULENGER 1894: 19
Paraphrynonax versicolor LUTZ & MELLO 1920 (fide AMARAL 1926)
Phrynonax sulphureus sulphureus — AMARAL 1929
Phrynonax sulphureus poecilostoma — AMARAL 1929
Pseustes sulphureus sulphureus — BEEBE 1946: 41
Pseustes sulphureus sulphureus — HOGE 1964: 61
Pseustes sulphureus dieperinkii — HOGE & ROMANO 1969
Pseustes sulphureus sulphureus — DUELLMAN 1978: 255
Pseutes sulphureus sulphureus — FUGLER & WALLS 1978 (in error)
Pseustes sulphureus — GASC & RODRIGUES 1980
Pseustes sulphureus dieperinkii — GASC & RODRIGUES 1980
Pseustes sulphureus — KORNACKER 1999: 129
Pseustes sulphureus — MATTISON 2007
Pseustes sulphureus — ZAHER et al. 2011
Pseustes sulphureus — CATENAZZI et al. 2013
Spilotes sulphureus — JADIN et al. 2013
Pseustes sulphureus — GUEDES et al. 2014
Spilotes sulphureus — LOPES & PASSOS 2023 
DistributionPeru (Pasco etc.), Ecuador, Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Alagoas, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, Paraíba, Ceara, Sergipe), Bolivia (Beni),
Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Trinidad,
Colombia [Castro,F. (pers. comm.)]
Venezuela

Type locality: “Habitat in sylvis ad littora fl uminis Japura” [Brazil or Colombia, Rio Jápura from its mouth (Brazil, 03°08'S, 64°66'W) to Araracuara (Colombia, 00°24'S, 72°17'W)] according to the original description and Vanzolini (1981).

dieperinkii: Suriname  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesLectotype: ZSM 1681/0, male, collected by Spix and Martius expedition to Brazil, 1817-1820.
Holotype: RMNH RA 383, collected by H. Dieperink [dieperinkii] 
Diagnosis 
CommentSynonymy: Brongersma shows that Pseustes has priority over Phrynonax and that Dipsas dieperinkii is a Pseustes, which he considered as a synonym of P. s. sulphureus; present opinion, however, considers it a valid subspecies (Hoge & Romano, 1969, cited in Vanzolini 1986). Lopes & Passos 2023 listed Coluber poecilostoma as synonym of Spilotes sulphureus poecilostoma which they apparently consider as valid subspecies.

Type species: Dipsas Dieperinkii SCHLEGEL 1837 is the type species of the genus Pseustes FITZINGER 1843. However, according to WALLACH et al. 2014: 612, Natrix sulphurea WAGLER 1824: 26 is the type species of the genus Pseustes FITZINGER 1843.

Habitat: fully arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018). 
EtymologyNamed after the yellow color which is reminiscent of sulfur.

Dipsas Dieperinkii was named after a “M. Dieperink, chevalier du lion néerlandais”, who apparently lived in Surinam for many years and who collected or sent the types to Europe.

The genus name Spilotes is derived from the Greek word spilos, meaning "stained or spotted."

The genus Pseustes was named after the Greek word, pseustis, meaning "liar," in reference to the hissing noise used by this snake as a bluff to frighten predators (LEMOS-ESPINAL & DIXON 2013). 
References
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  • Wied-Neuwied, M. 1824. Verzeichniss der Amphibien, welche im zweyten Bande der Naturgeschichte Brasiliens vom Prinz Max von Neuwied werden beschrieben werden. Isis von Oken 14: 661—673 [columns] - get paper here
  • Zaher, Hussam; Fausto Erritto BarboI; Paola Sanchez Martínez; Cristiano Nogueira; Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues; Ricardo Jannini Sawaya 2011. Répteis do Estado de São Paulo: conhecimento atual e perspectivas. Biota Neotropica, 11 (1): 1–15. - get paper here
 
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