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Spondylurus monitae HEDGES & CONN, 2012

IUCN Red List - Spondylurus monitae - Critically Endangered, CR

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Higher TaxaScincidae, Mabuyinae (Mabuyini), Scincoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Monito Skink 
SynonymSpondylurus monitae HEDGES & CONN 2012: 182
Mabuya mabouya sloanii — ROLLE et al. 1964: 322 (part)
Mabuya mabouya sloanei — SCHWARTZ & THOMAS 1975: 141 (part)
Mabuya mabouya sloanei — MACLEAN et al. 1977: 27 (part)
Mabuya mabouya sloanei — HEATWOLE et al. 1981: 34 (part)
Mabuya mabouya sloanei — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988: 151 (part)
Mabuya mabouya sloanei — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1991: 457 (part)
Mabuya bistriata — POWELL et al. 1996: 82 (part)
Mabuya sloanii — HENDERSON & POWELL 2009: 293 (part) 
DistributionPuerto Rico (Isla Monito)

Type locality: Isla Monito, Puerto Rico  
Reproductionviviparous (phylogenetic imputation, fide Zimin et al. 2022) 
TypesHolotype: USNM 576301, an adult female, collected on Isla Monito, Puerto Rico, United States, 12–13 February 1993, by Manuel Leal and Richard Thomas. Field tag USNMFS 192877. Paratypes (n = 6). Isla Monito, Puerto Rico. RT 11377–79, 11427, Manuel Leal and Richard Thomas, 3–4 April 1993; RT 11391, Miguel Garcia, Manuel Leal, and Richard Thomas, 13–14 April 1993; and RT 11430, Richard Thomas, November 1993. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Spondylurus monitae sp. nov. is characterized by (1) maximum SVL in males, 90.3 mm; (2) maximum SVL in females, 94.5 mm; (3) snout width, 2.42–3.16% SVL; (4) head length, 16.2–17.8% SVL; (5) head width, 11.5–13.8% SVL; (6) ear length, 1.35–1.59% SVL; (7) toe-IV length, 8.34–10.7% SVL; (8) prefrontals, two; (9) supraoculars, three (43%), four (57%); (10) supraciliaries, three (29%), four (43%), five (29%); (11) frontoparietals, two; (12) supralabial below the eye, five; (13) nuchal rows, two; (14) dorsals, 62–64; (15) ventrals, 64–69; (16) dorsals + ventrals, 126–132; (17) midbody scale rows, 32–34; (18) finger-IV lamellae, 12–15; (19) toe-IV lamellae, 16–17; (20) finger-IV + toe-IV lamellae, 29–32; (21) supranasal contact, N; (22) prefrontal contact, N; (23) supraocular-1/frontal contact, Y (86%), N (14%); (24) parietal contact, Y; (25) pale middorsal stripe, Y; (26) dark dorsolateral stripe, Y; (27) dark lateral stripe, Y; (28) pale lateral stripe, Y; and (29) palms and soles, pale (Tables 3–5).


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CommentSynonymy: Pinto-Sánchez et al. 2015 synonymized culebrae, macleani, and monitae with Spondylurus sloani, which was rejected by McCranie et al. 2020.

Abundance: only known from the type locality (Meiri et al. 2017). 
EtymologyThe species name (monitae) is a feminine genitive singular noun referring to the distribution of the species on the island of Monito (it is feminine despite the masculine diminutive Spanish island name). 
References
  • Hedges, S.B. & Conn, C.E. 2012. A new skink fauna from Caribbean islands (Squamata, Mabuyidae, Mabuyinae). Zootaxa 3288: 1–244 - get paper here
  • MCCRANIE, JAMES R.; AMY J. MATTHEWS, S. BLAIR HEDGES 2020. A morphological and molecular revision of lizards of the genus Marisora Hedges & Conn (Squamata: Mabuyidae) from Central America and Mexico, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 4763 (3): 301–353 - get paper here
  • Meiri, Shai; Aaron M. Bauer, Allen Allison, Fernando Castro-Herrera, Laurent Chirio, Guarino Colli, Indraneil Das, Tiffany M. Doan, Frank Glaw, Lee L. Grismer, Marinus Hoogmoed, Fred Kraus, Matthew LeBreton, Danny Meirte, Zoltán T. Nagy, Cristiano d 2017. Extinct, obscure or imaginary: the lizard species with the smallest ranges. Diversity and Distributions - get paper here
  • Pinto-Sánchez, Nelsy Rocío; Martha L. Calderón-Espinosa, Aurelien Miralles, Andrew J. Crawford, Martha Patricia Ramírez-Pinilla 2015. Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of the Neotropical skink genus Mabuya Fitzinger (Squamata: Scincidae) with emphasis on Colombian populations. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.07.016 - get paper here
  • Zegarra, J P; Figuerola, C E & Monsegur-Rivera, O A; 2019. Spondylurus monitae (Monito Skink) Habitat use/behavior. Herpetological Review 50 (2): 378-379 - get paper here
  • Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
 
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