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Spondylurus powelli HEDGES & CONN, 2012

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Higher TaxaScincidae, Mabuyinae (Mabuyini), Scincoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Anguilla Bank Skink 
SynonymSpondylurus powelli HEDGES & CONN 2012: 190
Mabuya mabouya mabouya — SCHWARTZ & THOMAS, 1975:141 (part)
Mabuya mabouya mabouya — MACLEAN et al., 1977:36 (part)
Mabuya mabouya mabouya — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON, 1988:150 (part)
Mabuya mabouya mabouya — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON, 1991:457 (part)
Mabuya bistriata — POWELL et al., 1996:82 (part)
Mabuya sloanii — MAYER & LAZELL, 2000:883 (part)
Mabuya mabouya — BREUIL, 2002:267 (part)
Mabuya sp. HODGE et al., 2003:43
Mabuya sloanii — HENDERSON & POWELL, 2009:293 (part) 
DistributionAnguilla (including Dog Island and Saint Barthélemy)

Type locality: Shannon Hill (North of Sandy Ground), Anguilla  
Reproductionviviparous (not imputed, fide Zimin et al. 2022) 
TypesHolotype: MCZ R-74343, an adult male, collected 29 May 1963 in Shannon Hill (North of Sandy Ground), Anguilla, by James D. Lazell. Paratypes (n = 15). Anguilla. BWMC 06754–55, Robert Powell and Avila REU, Junk’s Hole, 17 June 2000; CM 115518 and CM 115480, Ellen J. Censky, Brimegin, 1987; CM 115481, Ellen J. Censky, no specific locality, 1987; MPM 23178, R. A. Sajdak, North Hill, 1987; RT 8335–37, Ava Gaa and Richard Thomas, Shoal Bay, January 1980. St. Barts. KU 242090–92, Albert Schwartz, Baie de St. John (no collection dates available); MNHN-RA 1997.6064, M. Breuil, no specific locality, 1997; MNHN 2003.0844, M. Magras, no specific locality, 2003; MPM 23055, 0.5 km E L'Orient Beach (no collection date available). 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Spondylurus powelli sp. nov. is characterized by (1) maximum SVL in males, 71.7 mm; (2) maximum SVL in females, 69.8 mm; (3) snout width, 2.28–3.02% SVL; (4) head length, 15.6–18.4% SVL; (5) head width, 11.7–14.4% SVL; (6) ear length, 1.36–2.64% SVL; (7) toe-IV length, 8.45–11.5% SVL; (8) prefrontals, two; (9) supraoculars, two (6%), three (13%), four (81%); (10) supraciliaries, three (6%), four (94%); (11) frontoparietals, two; (12) supralabial below the eye, five (31%), six (69%); (13) nuchal rows, one (19%), two (63%), three (19%); (14) dorsals, 59–65; (15) ventrals, 62–67; (16) dorsals + ventrals, 121–132; (17) midbody scale rows, 32–34; (18) finger-IV lamellae, 11–14; (19) toe-IV lamellae, 14–18; (20) finger-IV + toe-IV lamellae, 25–32; (21) supranasal contact, Y (19%), N (81%); (22) prefrontal contact, Y (25%), N (75%); (23) supraocular-1/ frontal contact, Y (38%), N (63%); (24) parietal contact, Y; (25) pale middorsal stripe, Y; (26) dark dorsolateral stripe, Y; (27) dark lateral stripe, Y; (28) pale lateral stripe, N (or barely evident on side of neck); and (29) palms and soles, pale (Tables 3–5).
Within the Genus Spondylurus, S. powelli sp. nov. is separated from S. anegadae sp. nov., S. culebrae sp. nov., S. monae sp. nov., S. monitae sp. nov., S. semitaeniatus, and S. sloanii by having a lower dark dorsolateral stripe width/middorsal stripe width ratio (0.232–0.762 versus 0.874–3.79 in those other species). It differs from S. caicosae sp. nov., S. culebrae sp. nov., S. fulgidus, S. haitiae sp. nov., S. lineolatus, S. magnacruzae sp. nov., S. martinae sp. nov., S. monae sp. nov., S. monitae sp. nov., S. nitidus, S. semitaeniatus, and S. spilonotus by lacking a pale lateral stripe. It is separated from S. haitiae sp. nov. by having a larger ear (2.28–3.02% SVL versus 1.19% SVL in S. haitiae sp. nov.) and by having fewer ventrals (62–67 versus 69–72 in S. haitiae sp. nov.). It differs from S. fulgidus by having fewer supraciliaries (3–4 versus five in S. fulgidus) and more dorsals + ventrals (121–132 versus 108–120). It is distinguished from S. lineolatus by having a larger head (head length 15.6–18.4% SVL versus 12.9–14.4% SVL in S. lineolatus), a higher number of midbody scale rows (32–34 versus 26–28 in S. lineolatus), and four dark stripes instead of 10. From S. macleani, it is distinguished by having a darker middorsal stripe (zone) versus middorsal stripe similar to pale dorsolateral stripes in S. macleani. It is separated from S. martinae sp. nov. by having fewer ventrals (62–67 versus 68–71 in S. martinae sp. nov.). It differs from S. turksae sp. nov. by having a higher number of midbody scale rows (32–34 versus 30).
In terms of slightly overlapping (frequency) traits, Spondylurus powelli sp. nov. differs from S. anegadae sp. nov., S. culebrae sp. nov., S. semitaeniatus, and S. sloanii by having a lower frequency of supranasal contact (no contact in 81% of specimens versus contact in 80–100% of specimens belonging to those other species). From S. martinae sp. nov. and S. nitidus, it differs by having fewer finger-IV + toe-IV lamellae (25–28 in 81% of specimens versus 29–36 in 80–89% of specimens belonging to those other species). It differs from S. caicosae sp. nov. by having a higher number of midbody scale rows (32–34 versus 27–31 in 94% of specimens belonging to S. caicosae sp. nov.) and by having a higher number of dorsal + ventral scales (125–132 in 93% of specimens versus 113–124 in 85% of specimens belonging to S. caicosae sp. nov.) [HEDGES & CONN 2012]. 
Comment 
EtymologyThe species name (powelli) is in honor of Robert Powell for his contributions to West Indian herpetology. 
References
  • Hedges, S.B. & Conn, C.E. 2012. A new skink fauna from Caribbean islands (Squamata, Mabuyidae, Mabuyinae). Zootaxa 3288: 1–244 - get paper here
  • Lorvelec O, Barré N, Chalifour J, Teynié A, Pisanu B, Hedges SB. 2017. Discovery of a population of Spondylurus powelli (Squamata: Mabuyidae) on Île Tintamarre (Saint-Martin, French Antilles) and comments on relationships among skinks of the Anguilla Bank. Caribbean Herpetology, 59, 1–8 - get paper here
  • Questel K, Boggio J. 2012. Spondylurus powelli (Anguilla Bank Skink). Reproduction. Caribbean Herpetology 35: 1 - get paper here
  • Thorpe, R.S. 2022. Reptiles of the Lesser Antilles. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 608 pp. - get paper here
  • Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
 
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