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Staurotypus salvinii GRAY, 1864

IUCN Red List - Staurotypus salvinii - Least Concern, LR
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Higher TaxaKinosternidae, Staurotypinae, Kinosternoidea, Testudines (turtles)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Chiapas Giant Musk Turtle
S: Guao de Tres Lomos 
SynonymStaurotypus (Stauremys) salvinii GRAY 1864: 451
Staurotypus salvinii — GRAY 1873: 113
Staurotypus marmoratus FISCHER 1872: 265
Claudius severus COPE 1872: 24
Staurotypus salvini — GÜNTHER 1885: 11
Staurotypus salvinii — BOULENGER 1889
Staurotypus biporcatus GADOW 1905 (nomen nudum)
Claudius salvinii
Staurotypus salvinii — ERNST & BARBOUR 1989: 71
Staurotypus salvinii — LINER 1994
Staurotypus salvinii — KÖHLER 2000: 28
Staurotypus salvinii — RHODIN et al. 2010
Staurotypus salvinii — TTWG 2021
Staurotypus salvinii — TTWG 2025 
DistributionMexico (lowland Pacific drainages of Oaxaca and Chiapas),
Guatemala, El Salvador, Belize

Type locality: "Huamanchal [=Huamuchil], Guatemala".  
Reproductionoviparous. 
TypesHolotype: BMNH 1946.1.22.79.
Holotype: USNM 64005 [Claudius severus] 
DiagnosisUnfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data to their customers. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions or comparisons (about 1905 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentNot listed for Guatemala by KÖHLER (2000).

Habitat: freshwater (lakes, quiet rivers)

Distribution: see map in TTWG 2025. 
EtymologyNamed after Osbert Salvin (1835-1898), a naturalist and ornithologist. He was the first European to record an observation of a Resplendent Quetzal. 
References
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Bonin, F., Devaux, B. & Dupré, A. 2006. Turtles of the World. English translation by P.C.H. Pritchard. Johns Hopkins University Press, 416 pp.
  • Bour, R. 2008. Global diversity of turtles (Chelonii; Reptilia) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia 595:593–598 - get paper here
  • Casas-Andreu, G., F.R. Méndez-De la Cruz and X. Aguilar-Miguel. 2004. Anfibios y Reptiles; pp. 375–390, in A.J.M. García-Mendoza, J. Ordoñez and M. Briones-Salas (ed.). Biodiversidad de Oaxaca. Instituto de Biología, UNAM-Fondo Oaxaqueño para la Conservación de la Naturaleza-World Wildlife Fund, México, D. F.
  • Cope, E.D. 1872. Synopsis of the species of the Chelydrinae. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia (ser. 3) 24: 22-29 - get paper here
  • Dean, R. H.;Bickham, J. W. 1983. Staurotypus salvini. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (327): 1-2 - get paper here
  • Ernst,C.H. and Barbour,R.W. 1989. Turtles of the World. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. - London
  • Fischer, Johannes von 1872. Staurotypus marmoratus n. sp. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 38: 265-272, Tafel X. - get paper here
  • Gray, J. E. 1864. Description of a new species of Staurotypus (S. salvinii) from Guatemala. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 14: 451-452 - get paper here
  • Gray, J.E. 1864. Description of a new species of Staurotypus (S. salvinii) from Guatemala. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1864: 127-128. - get paper here
  • Gray,J.E. 1873. Notes on the tortoises of the ‘Zoology of Mexico’ of MM.A. Duméril and Bocourt. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) 12: 109-114 - get paper here
  • Günther, A. C. L. G. 1885. Reptilia and Batrachia. Biologia Centrali-Américana. Taylor, & Francis, London, 326 pp. [published in parts from 1885-1902; reprint by the SSAR 1987] - get paper here
  • Iverson J B 1985. Staurotypus Wagler. Mexican musk turtles. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles ( 362: 1-2 - get paper here
  • Jamniczky, H. A. and A. P. Russell 2007. Reappraisal of Patterns of Nonmarine Cryptodiran Turtle Carotid Circulation: Evidence From Osteological Correlates and Soft Tissues. Journal of Morphology 268:571–587 - get paper here
  • Johnson, Jerry D.; Vicente Mata-Silva, Elí García Padilla, and Larry David Wilson 2015. The Herpetofauna of Chiapas, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (3): 272–329. - get paper here
  • Kawagoshi, Taiki; Yoshinobu Uno, Chizuko Nishida, Yoichi Matsuda 2014. The Staurotypus Turtles and Aves Share the Same Origin of Sex Chromosomes but Evolved Different Types of Heterogametic Sex Determination. PLoS One 9 (8): e105315. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0105315 - get paper here
  • Köhler, G. 2000. Reptilien und Amphibien Mittelamerikas, Bd 1: Krokodile, Schildkröten, Echsen. Herpeton Verlag, Offenbach, 158 pp.
  • Köhler, G. 2008. Reptiles of Central America. 2nd Ed. Herpeton-Verlag, 400 pp.
  • Legler, J.M.& Vogt, R.C. 2013. The Turtles of Mexico: Land and Freshwater Forms. University of California Press, 416 pp. - get paper here
  • Mata-Silva, Vicente, Jerry D. Johnson, Larry David Wilson and Elí García-Padilla. 2015. The herpetofauna of Oaxaca, Mexico: composition, physiographic distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (1): 6–62 - get paper here
  • Mertens, R. 1952. Die Amphibien und Reptilien von El Salvador. Abh. senckenb. naturf. Ges. (Frankfurt) (No. 487): 120 pp.
  • Neill, Wilfred T. and E. Ross Allen. 1959. Studies on the amphibians and reptiles of British Honduras. Publications of the Research Division Ross Allen's Reptiles Institute. 2 (1): 1-76
  • Pellegrin, N. 2011. Haltung und Nachzucht der Salvin-Kreuzbrustschildkröte, Staurotypus salvinii. Reptilia (Münster) 16 (91): 34-38 - get paper here
  • Sachsse, W. 2011. Vorschläge für die Sommerhaltung von Wasserschildkröten im Freiland. Elaphe 19 (2): 44-45
  • Sachsse, W. & A. A. Schmidt 1976. Nachzucht in der zweiten Generation von Staurotypus salvinii mit weiteren Beobachtungen zum Fortpflanzungsverhalten (Testudines, Kinosternidae). Salamandra 12 (1): 5-16 - get paper here
  • Schilde, M. 2001. Schlammschildkröten: Kinosternon, Sternotherus, Claudius, Staurotypus. Natur und Tier Verlag (Münster), 136 pp. - get paper here
  • Schilde, M. 2003. Family Kinosternidae. Reptilia (GB) (26): 16-21 - get paper here
  • Schmidt, A. A. 1970. Zur Fortpflanzung der Kreuzbrustschildkröte (Staurotypus salvinii) in Gefangenschaft. Salamandra 6 (1-2): 3-10 - get paper here
  • Sites, J.W., Jr., J. W. Bickham, and M. W. Haiduk 1979. Derived X chromosome in the turtle genus Staurotypus. Science 206 (4425):1410-1412 - get paper here
  • Stuart, L. C. 1937. Some further notes on the amphibians and reptiles of the Peten Forest of Northern Guatemala. Copeia 1937 (1): 67-70 - get paper here
  • Stuart, L.C. 1963. A checklist of the herpetofauna of Guatemala. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan (No. 122): 1-150 - get paper here
  • TTWG [TURTLE TAXONOMY WORKING GROUP: RHODIN, A.G.J., IVERSON, J.B., FRITZ, U., GALLEGO-GARCÍA, N., GEORGES, A., SHAFFER, H.B., AND VAN DuK, P.P.]. 2025. Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (10th Ed.). In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., van Dijk, P.P., Stanford, C.B., Goode, E.V., Buhlmann, K.A., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. Chelonian Research Monographs 10:1-575 - get paper here
  • TTWG; Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., Bour, R., Fritz, U., Georges, A., Shaffer, H.B., and van Dijk, P.P. 2021. Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (9th Ed.). In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., van Dijk, P.P., Stanford, C.B., Goode, E.V., Buhlmann, K.A., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. Chelonian Research Monographs 8:1–472. doi:10.3854/crm.8.checklist.atlas.v9.2021. - get paper here
  • TTWG; Rhodin, A.G.J.; van Dijk, P.P.; Iverson, J.B. & Shaffer, H.B. [turtle taxonomy working group] 2010. Turtles of the World, 2010 Update: Annotated Checklist of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status. Chelonian Research Monographs (ISSN 1088-7105) No. 5, doi:10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v3.2010 - get paper here
  • Valenzuela, N. 2009. Co-Evolution of Genomic Structure and Selective Forces Underlying Sexual Development and Reproduction. Cytogenet Genome Res 127: 232-241 - get paper here
  • Wirth, Michael 2012. Und das alles für die Schildkröten …. Terraria-Elaphe 2012 (2): 84-89 - get paper here
 
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