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Stegonotus muelleri DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL, 1854

IUCN Red List - Stegonotus muelleri - Near Threatened, NT
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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Philippine groundsnake, Müller’s Ratsnake 
SynonymStegonotus Mülleri DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854: 682
Herpetodryas Mülleri — JAN 1863: 81
Spilotes samarensis PETERS 1861: 685
Stegonotus muelleri — BOULENGER 1893: 367
Stegonotus muelleri — TAYLOR 1922: 129
Stegonotus muelleri — BAUER et al. 1995: 74
Stegonotus mülleri — GAULKE 2010
Stegonotus muelleri — WALLACH et al. 2014: 686
Stegnotus muelleri — SANGUILA et al. 2016 (in error)
Stegonotus muelleri — KAISER et al. 2018: 16 
DistributionPhilippines (Mindanao, Samar, Leyte, Dinagat)

Type locality: corrected to “southern Philippines” by Kaiser et al. 2018.

Type locality: “Cubo-Cubo, Insel Samar” [Cobocóbo, northern Samar Island, The Philippines]. [samarensis]  
Reproductionoviparous (not imputed, fide Zimin et al. 2022) 
TypesHolotype: MNHN-RA 0848 fide Kaiser et al. 2018. Given as MNHN 5764 und 5764a by other sources in error
Holotype: ZMB 4294, adult male. Collected by the German ethnologist and collector Fedor Jagor (1816-1900) during the first half of 1859 [samarensis] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (627 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentSynonymy partly after BOULENGER 1893.

Distribution: the original type locality, “Java”, was given in error.

Type species: Stegonotus Mülleri DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854: 682 is the type species of the genus Stegonotus DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854.

Key: O’Shea and Richards 2021 provide a key to the fourteen species of Stegonotus currently recognised from the New Guinea region, and two species from adjacent areas that might occur in the southern regions of New Guinea. Kaiser et al. 2021 provide an updated key. See also Kaiser et al. 2021: 504 (Table 1) for a comparison of characters across 9 species of Stegonotus and a key on p. 508. 
EtymologyNamed after Johannes Peter Müller (1801-1858), German biologist and anatomist.
Named after Samar Island, where the type specimen was collected. [samarensis]  
References
  • Barnes, Curt H.; Tyler K. Knierim 2018. A novel cave habitat use and range extension for the cryptic snake Stegonotus muelleri (Serpentes: Colubridae). Phyllomedusa 17 (2): 295-297 - get paper here
  • Bauer, A.M.; Günther,R. & Klipfel,M. 1995. The herpetological contributions of Wilhelm C.H. Peters (1815-1883). SSAR Facsimile Reprints in Herpetology, 714 pp.
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. London (Taylor & Francis), 448 pp. - get paper here
  • CUTA, CHESTER BREECH T.; RHEO RYAN B. BALBUENA, BRIAN T. SABANAL, RIS MENOEL R. MODINA, JAY T. TORREFIEL & LIEF ERIKSON D. GAMALO. 2022. Notes on the defensive strategies of Kalophrynus sinensis Peters, 1867 against predation by Stegonotus muelleri (Duméril et al., 1854) on Leyte Island, Philippines. Herpetology Notes 15: 479–482. - get paper here
  • Decena, S. C. P., Macasait Jr, D. R., & Arguelles, M. S. 2023. Species Accounts, Assemblage, and Microhabitats of Amphibians and Reptiles of Northeastern Leyte, Philippines. Philippine Journal of Science, 152(1), 1-34
  • Duméril, A.M.C., G. BIBRON & A.H.A. DUMÉRIL 1854. Erpétologie générale ou Histoire Naturelle complète des Reptiles. Vol. 7 (partie 1). Paris, xvi + 780 S. - get paper here
  • Gaulke, M. 2010. Höhlenbewohner auf den Philippinen. Reptilia (Münster) 15 (85): 38-45 - get paper here
  • Kaiser, Christine M.; Hinrich Kaiser & Mark O’Shea 2018. The taxonomic history of Indo-Papuan groundsnakes, genus Stegonotus Duméril et al., 1854 (Colubridae), with some taxonomic revisions and the designation of a neotype for S. parvus (Meyer, 1874). Zootaxa 4512 (1): 001–073 - get paper here
  • KAISER, CHRISTINE M.; JACK LAPIN, MARK O’SHEA & HINRICH KAISER 2020. Carefully examining Bornean Stegonotus (Serpentes, Colubridae): the montane groundsnake population in Sabah is a new and distinct species. Zootaxa 4894 (1): 053–068 - get paper here
  • KAISER, CHRISTINE M.; MARK O’SHEA, HINRICH KAISER 2019. A new species of Indo-Papuan groundsnake, genus Stegonotus Duméril et al., 1854 (Serpentes, Colubridae), from the Bird’s Head Peninsula of West Papua, Indonesia, with comments on differentiating morphological characters. Zootaxa 4590 (2): 201-230 - get paper here
  • Leviton, Alan E.; Cameron D. Siler, Jeffrey L. Weinell, and Rafe M. Brown 2018. Synopsis of the Snakes of the Philippines. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 64 (14): 399-568 - get paper here
  • O’SHEA, M. & RICHARDS, S. J. 2021. A striking new species of Papuan groundsnake (Stegonotus: Colubridae) from southern Papua New Guinea, with a dichotomous key to the genus in New Guinea. Zootaxa 4926 (1): 26-42 - get paper here
  • Peters, Wilhem Carl Hartwig 1861. Eine zweite Übersicht (vergl. Monatsberichte 1859 p. 269) der von Hrn. F. Jagor auf Malacca, Java, Borneo und den Philippinen gesammelten und dem Kgl. zoologischen Museum übersandten Schlangen. Monatsber. königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin. 1861 (Juli): 683-691 [1862 on title page] - get paper here
  • Pitogo, K. M. E., Saavedra, A. J. L., & Afuang, L. E. 2021. Amphibians and Reptiles of Mount Busa, Sarangani Province: a Glimpse of the Herpetological Community of Southern Mindanao, Philippines. Philippine Journal of Science, 150(5), 1279-1306 - get paper here
  • Sanguila MB, Cobb KA, Siler CD, Diesmos AC, Alcala AC, Brown RM 2016. The amphibians and reptiles of Mindanao Island, southern Philippines, II: the herpetofauna of northeast Mindanao and adjacent islands. ZooKeys 624: 1–132, doi: 10.3897/zookeys.624.9814 - get paper here
  • Taylor, E.H. 1922. The snakes of the Philippine Islands. Manila (Bureau of Printing or Science), Monograph 16: 312 pp. - get paper here
  • Tilan, J. E. 2024. Diversity and Conservation Status of Reptiles in Aliwagwag Protected Landscape: Basis for Localized Instructional Material Development. MIJRD 3 (4): 1-14 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Weinell, Jeffrey L.; Errol Hooper, Alan E. Leviton, Rafe M. Brown 2019. Illustrated Key to the Snakes of the Philippines. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (4) 66 (1): 1-49 - get paper here
  • Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
 
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