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Strobilurus torquatus WIEGMANN, 1834

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Higher TaxaTropiduridae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesPortuguese: Lagarto-de-Cauda-Espinhosa, Lagartixa 
SynonymStrobilurus torquatus WIEGMANN 1834
Doryphorus spinosus — GUICHENOT 1855
Strobilurus torquatus — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1837: 354
Strobilurus torquatus — BOULENGER 1885: 181
Strobilurus torquatus — BOULENGER 1888: 40
Strobilurus torquatus — ETHERIDGE 1968
Tropidurus strobilurus — FROST 1992
Tropidurus strobilurus — HARVEY GUTBERLET 2000
Strobilurus torquatus — FROST et al. 2001 
DistributionE/S Brazil (atlantic forests, Pernambuco, Ceará, Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, Sergipe)

Type locality: Brazil  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesSyntypes: ZMB 672, 673 
DiagnosisDIAGNOSIS (genus): Following Etheridge (1968), Frost et al. (2001b), and Carvalho et al. (202X). (1) head not relatively small, body and tail not compressed latero-laterally; (2) body not extremely flattened dorso-ventrally; (3) skull not highly elevated at the level of the orbits; (4) premaxilla broad; (5) nutritive foramina of maxilla striking enlarged; (6) lingual process of dentary present, extending over lingual dentary process of coronoid; (7) angular strongly reduced; (8) medial centrale absent; (9) sternal fontanelle present; (10) circumorbitals distinct from other small supraorbital scales; (11) orbit underlain by at least three scales caused by fragmentation of preocular–subocular series; (12) poorly defined or absent postmental scale series; (13) antegular fold absent; (14) projecting tufts of elongate, spiny scales on the neck absent; (15) dark-banded, green dorsal background; (16) dorsals keeled and shortly mucronate, ventrals smooth, about one and a half times as large as dorsals; (17) enlarged middorsal scale row forming a serrate dorsal crest; (18) yellow “flash” marks on posteriormost region of the abdomen, pre-cloacal region, underneath thighs of males; (19) tail autotomic, terete but heavily mucronate, about as long as SVL, and with unequal whorls of spinose scales; (20) fourth finger longer than third; (21) lateral fringe not developed on both sides of fourth toes; (22) hemipenes attenuate, without apical disks; (23) arboreal (modified by O. Torres-Carvajal, pers. comm. 2021). 
CommentFrost (1992) proposed the name Tropidurus strobilurus for Strobilurus torquatus WIEGMANN 1834, since the combination Tropidurus torquatus is already preoccupied. Frost (2001) resurrected Strobilurus again.

Type species: Strobilurus torquatus WIEGMANN 1834 is the type species of the genus Strobilurus WIEGMANN 1834. See Frost 2001 for a new diagnosis of the genus.

Habitat: closed-canopy forest, arboreal

Young specimens have a greenish color and the adults are grayed out and the tail with thorns.

Synonymy partly after Peters et al. 1970. 
EtymologyNamed after the Latin torquatus, "adorned with a necklace or collar", refers to the conspicuous, light-bordered black collar in these lizards.

The genus was named after Greek strobilos (στροβιλός), spinning, whirling + Greek oura (οὐρᾷ), tail. ["...Cauda mediocris, compressiuscula, squamis maximis, carinatis, imbricatis, spiniferis…"]. 
References
  • ANDRADE LIMA, J.H., DIAS, E.G., COSTA, R.D.L., SILVA, F.J., LIMA, E.S.M., SANTOS, E.M., KOKUBUM, M.N.C. 2021. Lizards and snakes of Refúgio de Vida Silvestre Matas do Siriji, an Atlantic Forest hotspot of the Pernambuco Endemism Center, Northeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica 21 (2): e20201106 - get paper here
  • Bezerra, P. E. S., Santana, F. M., & de Moura, G. J. B. 2021. Sustainability assessment of a lizard assemblage in Pernambuco state, Brazil. Journal for Nature Conservation, 125957
  • Borges-Nojosa, D. M. & Caramaschi, U. 2003. Composição e análise comparativa da diversidade e das afinidades biogeográficas dos lagartos e anfisbenídeos (Squamata) dos brejos nordestinos. In: I.R. Leal, M. Tabarelli & J.M.C. Silva (eds.). Ecologia e conservação da Caatinga, pp. 181-236. Editora Universitária, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil.
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  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 2, Second edition. London, xiii+497 pp. - get paper here
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  • Franzini, Lissa Dellefrate; Izabel Regina Soares Silva, Daniel Oliveira Santana, Fagner Ribeiro Delfim, Gustavo Henrique Calazans Vieira, Daniel Oliveira Mesquita 2019. Lizards fauna from the state of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil: current knowledge and sampling discontinuities. Herpetology Notes 12: 749-763 - get paper here
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  • Frost, Darrel R., Miguel T. Rodrigues, Taran Grant, and Tom A. Titus 2001. Phylogenetics of the Lizard Genus Tropidurus (Squamata: Tropiduridae: Tropidurinae): Direct Optimization, Descriptive Efficiency, and Sensitivity Analysis of Congruence Between Molecular Data and Morphology. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 21 (3): 352–371 - get paper here
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  • OLIVEIRA LIMA, JEFFERSON; HUGO ANDRADE, TAINARA LIMA DA SILVA & EDUARDO JOSÉ DOS REIS DIAS. 2022. Reptiles of Sergipe: current knowledge and sampling discontinuities. Herpetology Notes 15: 69–78. - get paper here
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  • Rodrigues, K.C.; F.R. Delfim; C.S.S. Castro; F.G.R. França; E. Leite Filho; D.O. Mesquita; F.A. Oliveira; A.C.A. Santos; S.F. Ferrari; M.M. Valença-Montenegro. 2013. Strobilurus torquatus Wiegmann, 1834 (Squamata: Tropiduridae): New records from the Brazilian state of Paraíba and a geographic distribution map. Check List 9 (3):614-617 - get paper here
  • Rodrigues, M. T.;Yonenaga-Yassuda, Y.;Kasahara, S. 1989. Notes on the ecology and karyotypic description of Strobilurus torquatus (Sauria,Iguanidae). Rev. Brasil. Genet. 12 (4): 747-759 - get paper here
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  • Uchôa LR, Delfim FR, Mesquita DO, Colli GR, Garda AA, Guedes TB 2022. Lizards (Reptilia: Squamata) from the Caatinga, northeastern Brazil: Detailed and updated overview. Vertebrate Zoology 72: 599-659 - get paper here
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  • Wiegmann,A.F.A. 1834. Herpetologia Mexicana, seu descriptio amphibiorum novae hispaniae , quae itineribus comitis de Sack, Ferdinandi Deppe et Chr. Guil. Schiede im Museum Zoologicum Berolinense Pervenerunt. Pars prima, saurorum species. Berlin, Lüderitz, iv + 54 pp. - get paper here
  • Zerbini, Glaucia Jordπo;da Costa, Elisabeth M. M.;Araujo, Alexandre F. B.;Brandπo, Reubera A. 1998. Geographic Distribution. Tropidurus strobilurus. Herpetological Review 29 (2): 111 - get paper here
 
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