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Tantilla rubra COPE, 1875

IUCN Red List - Tantilla rubra - Least Concern, LC

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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Red Black-headed Snake, Big Bend Black-headed Snake
G: Große Schwarzkopfschlange
S: Rojilla 
SynonymTantilla miniator COPE 1863: 100
Tantilla rubra COPE 1876: 144
Homalocranium rubrum — BOCOURT 1883: 590
Homalocranion rubrum — BOULENGER 1884: 14
Tantilla miniator — COPE 1887: 84
Homalocranium miniatum — GÜNTHER 1895: 146
Homalocranium boulengeri GÜNTHER 1895: 148
Tantilla boulengeri — AMARAL “1929” (1930): 219
Tantilla miniata COPE — SMITH 1942: 475
Tantilla deviatrix — SMITH, 1942: 36 (nec BARBOUR) (part)
Tantilla morgani HARTWEG 1944
Tantilla rubra — TAYLOR 1949: 207
Tantilla rubra — ALVAREZ DEL TORO & SMITH 1956: 14
Tantilla rubra — LINER 1994
Tantilla morgani — LINER 1994
Tantilla miniata — LINER 1994
Tantilla ruber — ROZE 1996: 179
Tantilla rubra — LINER 2007
Tantilla rubra — WILSON & MATA-SILVA 2014: 48
Tantilla rubra — WALLACH et al. 2014: 704 
DistributionMexico (S Nuevo Leon, W Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Quéretaro, Hidalgo, Puebla, Guerrero, Guanajuato),
W Guatemala

Elevation: 0-2618 m (WILSON & MATA-SILVA 2014)

miniata: Type locality: “Mirador, near Veracruz”

rubra: Type locality: "Japana" = Tapana (= Tapanatepec, Oaxaca).  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: USNM 26500, male, National Museum of Natural History, collected by Francois Sumichrast, catalogued 9 January 1900 after being returned to the USNM from Cope's estate.
Holotype: UMMZ 85968 (morgani)
Holotype: USNM 26500 [Tantilla rubra] 
Diagnosis 
CommentSubspecies: Tantilla rubra cucullata is treated here as separate species.

Synonymy: Tantilla miniata and T. morgani have been synonymized with Tantilla rubra by DIXON et al. (1999, 2000). Tantilla rubra diabola has been synonymized with Tantilla cucullata by the same authors. The Tantilla morgani in CANSECO-MÁRQUEZ et al. 2000 was actually the now described T. robusta.

Given the priority of the name miniata over rubra, application will be made to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to conserve the name rubra (Wilson 1999). 
EtymologyThe name rubra is derived from the Latin word ruber, meaning “red,” in reference to the typical dorsal coloration of this snake. 
References
  • Aguilar-López JL, Luría-Manzano R, Pineda E, Canseco-Márquez L 2021. Selva Zoque, Mexico: an important Mesoamerican tropical region for reptile species diversity and conservation. ZooKeys 1054: 127-153 - get paper here
  • Álvarez DEL TORO, M., & SMITH, H. M. 1956. Notulae herpetologicae Chiapasiae. I. Herpetologica 12: 3-17 - get paper here
  • Auth, David L.;Smith, Hobart M.;Van Breukelen, Frank;Chiszar, David 1997. Geographic Distribution. Tantilla rubra. Herpetological Review 28 (4): 211 - get paper here
  • Canseco-Márquez, L., & Gutiérrrez-Mayén, M.G. 2010. Anfibios y reptiles del Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán. Comisión Nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad, México D.F., Mexico, 302 pp - get paper here
  • Canseco-Márquez, L.; Mendelson III, J.R. & Gutiérrez-Mayén, G. 2002. A new species of large Tantilla (Squamata: Colubridae) from the Sierra Madre Oriental of Puebla, Mexico. Herpetologica 58 (4): 492-497 - get paper here
  • Canseco-Marquez,L.; Gutierrez-Mayen,G. & Salazar-Arenas,J. 2000. New records and range extensions for amphibians and reptiles from Puebla, México. Herpetological Review 31 (4): 259-263 - get paper here
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  • Conant,R. & Collins,J.T. 1991. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern/Central North America, 3rd ed. Houghton Mifflin (Boston/New York), xx + 450 p.
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  • Cope, E.D. 1887. Catalogue of batrachians and reptiles of Central America and México. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 32: 7-98 - get paper here
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  • Easterla, D.A. 1975. Reproductive and Ecological Observations on Tantilla rubra cucullata from Big Bend National Park, Texas (Serpentes: Colubridae) Herpetologica 31 (2): 234-236. - get paper here
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  • Hartweg, Norman 1944. Remarks on some Mexican snakes of the Genus Tantilla. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan (486): 1-9 - get paper here
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  • Johnson, Jerry D.; Vicente Mata-Silva, Elí García Padilla, and Larry David Wilson 2015. The Herpetofauna of Chiapas, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (3): 272–329. - get paper here
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  • Lemos-Espinal, Julio A. and James R. Dixon 2013. Amphibians and Reptiles of San Luis Potosí. Eagle Mountain Publishing, xii + 300 pp.
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  • Leyte-Manrique A, Mata-Silva V, Báez-Montes O, Fucsko LA, DeSantis DL, García-Padilla E, Rocha A, Johnson JD, Porras LW, Wilson LD. 2022. The herpetofauna of Guanajuato, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 16(2) [General Section: 133–180 (e321) - get paper here
  • Liner, E. A.; Chaney, A. H. 1990. Tantilla rubra rubra: arboreality. Herpetological Review 21 (1): - get paper here
  • Liner, E.A. 1994. Scientific and common names for the Amphibians and Reptiles of Mexico in English and Spanish. Herpetological Circular 23: 1-113
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  • Torres-Hernández, LA, Ramírez-Bautista A, Cruz-Elizalde R, Hernández-Salinas U, Berriozabal-Islas C, DeSantis DL, Johnson JD, Rocha A, García-Padilla E, Mata-Silva V, Fucsko LA, and Wilson LD. 2021. The herpetofauna of Veracruz, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 15(2) [General Section]: 72–155 - get paper here
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  • Wilson, L.D. 1999. Checklist and key to the species of the genus Tantilla (Serpentes: Colubridae), with some commentary on distribution. Smithsonian Herp. Inf. Serv. (122): 1-34 - get paper here
  • Wilson, L.D., R.K. Vaughan, and J.R. Dixon 2000. Tantilla rubra Cope La Rojilla (Red Black-headed Snake). Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (720): 1-3 - get paper here
  • Wilson, Larry David and Vicente Mata-Silva 2015. A checklist and key to the snakes of the Tantilla clade (Squamata: Colubridae), with comments on distribution and conservation. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (4): 418 - get paper here
  • Wilson, Larry David and Vicente Mata-Silva. 2014. Snakes of the genus Tantilla (Squamata: Colubridae) in Mexico: taxonomy, distribution, and Conservation. Mesoamerican Herpetology 1 (1): 5-95 - get paper here
  • Woolrich-Piña, G. A., E. García-Padilla, D. L. DeSantis, J. D. Johnson, V. Mata-Silva, and L. D. Wilson 2017. The herpetofauna of Puebla, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(4): 791–884 - get paper here
 
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