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Tantilla rubra COPE, 1875

IUCN Red List - Tantilla rubra - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Red Black-headed Snake, Big Bend Black-headed Snake
G: Große Schwarzkopfschlange
S: Rojilla 
SynonymTantilla miniator COPE 1863: 100
Tantilla rubra COPE 1876: 144
Homalocranium rubrum — BOCOURT 1883: 590
Homalocranion rubrum — BOULENGER 1884: 14
Tantilla miniator — COPE 1887: 84
Homalocranium miniatum — GÜNTHER 1895: 146
Homalocranium boulengeri GÜNTHER 1895: 148
Tantilla boulengeri — AMARAL “1929” (1930): 219
Tantilla miniata COPE — SMITH 1942: 475
Tantilla deviatrix — SMITH, 1942: 36 (nec BARBOUR) (part)
Tantilla morgani HARTWEG 1944
Tantilla rubra — TAYLOR 1949: 207
Tantilla rubra — ALVAREZ DEL TORO & SMITH 1956: 14
Tantilla rubra — LINER 1994
Tantilla morgani — LINER 1994
Tantilla miniata — LINER 1994
Tantilla ruber — ROZE 1996: 179
Tantilla rubra — LINER 2007
Tantilla rubra — WILSON & MATA-SILVA 2014: 48
Tantilla rubra — WALLACH et al. 2014: 704 
DistributionMexico (S Nuevo Leon, W Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Quéretaro, Hidalgo, Puebla, Guerrero, Guanajuato),
W Guatemala

Elevation: 0-2618 m (WILSON & MATA-SILVA 2014)

miniata: Type locality: “Mirador, near Veracruz”

rubra: Type locality: "Japana" = Tapana (= Tapanatepec, Oaxaca).  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: USNM 26500, male, National Museum of Natural History, collected by Francois Sumichrast, catalogued 9 January 1900 after being returned to the USNM from Cope's estate.
Holotype: UMMZ 85968 (morgani)
Holotype: USNM 26500 [Tantilla rubra] 
Diagnosis 
CommentSubspecies: Tantilla rubra cucullata is treated here as separate species.

Synonymy: Tantilla miniata and T. morgani have been synonymized with Tantilla rubra by DIXON et al. (1999, 2000). Tantilla rubra diabola has been synonymized with Tantilla cucullata by the same authors. The Tantilla morgani in CANSECO-MÁRQUEZ et al. 2000 was actually the now described T. robusta.

Given the priority of the name miniata over rubra, application will be made to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to conserve the name rubra (Wilson 1999). 
EtymologyThe name rubra is derived from the Latin word ruber, meaning “red,” in reference to the typical dorsal coloration of this snake. 
References
  • Aguilar-López JL, Luría-Manzano R, Pineda E, Canseco-Márquez L 2021. Selva Zoque, Mexico: an important Mesoamerican tropical region for reptile species diversity and conservation. ZooKeys 1054: 127-153 - get paper here
  • Álvarez DEL TORO, M., & SMITH, H. M. 1956. Notulae herpetologicae Chiapasiae. I. Herpetologica 12: 3-17 - get paper here
  • Auth, David L.;Smith, Hobart M.;Van Breukelen, Frank;Chiszar, David 1997. Geographic Distribution. Tantilla rubra. Herpetological Review 28 (4): 211 - get paper here
  • Canseco-Márquez, L., & Gutiérrrez-Mayén, M.G. 2010. Anfibios y reptiles del Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán. Comisión Nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad, México D.F., Mexico, 302 pp - get paper here
  • Canseco-Márquez, L.; Mendelson III, J.R. & Gutiérrez-Mayén, G. 2002. A new species of large Tantilla (Squamata: Colubridae) from the Sierra Madre Oriental of Puebla, Mexico. Herpetologica 58 (4): 492-497 - get paper here
  • Canseco-Marquez,L.; Gutierrez-Mayen,G. & Salazar-Arenas,J. 2000. New records and range extensions for amphibians and reptiles from Puebla, México. Herpetological Review 31 (4): 259-263 - get paper here
  • Casas-Andreu, G., F.R. Méndez-De la Cruz and X. Aguilar-Miguel. 2004. Anfibios y Reptiles; pp. 375–390, in A.J.M. García-Mendoza, J. Ordoñez and M. Briones-Salas (ed.). Biodiversidad de Oaxaca. Instituto de Biología, UNAM-Fondo Oaxaqueño para la Conservación de la Naturaleza-World Wildlife Fund, México, D. F.
  • Chaney, A. H.; Liner, E. A.;Johnson, R. M. 1982. Geographic distribution: Chiropterotriton prisca; Pseudoeurycea galeanae; Sceloporus couchi; Sceloporus poinsetti poinsetti; Elaphe subocularis; Tantilla rubra rubra. Herpetological Review 13 (2): 51-53 - get paper here
  • Conant,R. & Collins,J.T. 1991. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern/Central North America, 3rd ed. Houghton Mifflin (Boston/New York), xx + 450 p.
  • Cope, E.D. 1875. On the Batrachia and Reptilia of Costa Rica with notes on the herpetology and ichthyology of Nicaragua and Peru. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia N.S. (2) 8: 93-183 [sometimes said to be published 1876 but see Murphy et al. 2007 for clarification]] - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1887. Catalogue of batrachians and reptiles of Central America and México. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 32: 7-98 - get paper here
  • Cruz-Elizalde R, Ramírez-Bautista A, Pineda-López R, Mata-Silva V, DeSantis DL, García-Padilla E, Johnson JD, Rocha A, Fucsko LA, Wilson LD. 2022. The herpetofauna of Querétaro, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 16(1) [General Section]: 148–192 (e308) - get paper here
  • Dixon, J.R. 2000. The taxonomy of Tantilla rubra and allied taxa (Serpentes: Colubridae). Southwestern Naturalist 45 (2): 141-153 - get paper here
  • Dixon, James R. and Julio A. Lemos-Espinal 2010. Amphibians and reptiles of the state of Queretaro, Mexico. Tlalnepantla UNAM, 428 pp.
  • Easterla, D.A. 1975. Reproductive and Ecological Observations on Tantilla rubra cucullata from Big Bend National Park, Texas (Serpentes: Colubridae) Herpetologica 31 (2): 234-236. - get paper here
  • Farr, William, Tim Burkhardt and David Lazcano. 2011. Tantilla rubra (red black-headed snake) maximum size. Herpetological Review 42 (3): 445 - get paper here
  • Günther, A. C. L. G. 1885. Reptilia and Batrachia. Biologia Centrali-Américana. Taylor, & Francis, London, 326 pp. [published in parts from 1885-1902; reprint by the SSAR 1987] - get paper here
  • Hartweg, Norman 1944. Remarks on some Mexican snakes of the Genus Tantilla. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan (486): 1-9 - get paper here
  • Heimes, P. 2016. Snakes of Mexico. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 572 pp
  • Johnson, Jerry D.; Vicente Mata-Silva, Elí García Padilla, and Larry David Wilson 2015. The Herpetofauna of Chiapas, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (3): 272–329. - get paper here
  • Köhler, G. 2008. Reptiles of Central America. 2nd Ed. Herpeton-Verlag, 400 pp.
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR 2020. A conservation checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of the State of Mexico, Mexico with comparisons with adjoining states. ZooKeys 953: 137-159 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR, Woolrich-Piña GA 2018. Amphibians and reptiles of the state of San Luis Potosí, Mexico, with comparisons with adjoining states. ZooKeys 753: 83-106 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal, Julio A. and James R. Dixon 2013. Amphibians and Reptiles of San Luis Potosí. Eagle Mountain Publishing, xii + 300 pp.
  • Lemos-Espinal, Julio A., Geoffrey R. Smith 2015. Amphibians and reptiles of the state of Hidalgo, Mexico. Check List 11 (3): 1642 - get paper here
  • Leyte-Manrique A, Mata-Silva V, Báez-Montes O, Fucsko LA, DeSantis DL, García-Padilla E, Rocha A, Johnson JD, Porras LW, Wilson LD. 2022. The herpetofauna of Guanajuato, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 16(2) [General Section: 133–180 (e321) - get paper here
  • Liner, E. A.; Chaney, A. H. 1990. Tantilla rubra rubra: arboreality. Herpetological Review 21 (1): - get paper here
  • Liner, E.A. 1994. Scientific and common names for the Amphibians and Reptiles of Mexico in English and Spanish. Herpetological Circular 23: 1-113
  • Liner, Ernest A. 2007. A CHECKLIST OF THE AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF MEXICO. Louisiana State University Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural Science 80: 1-60 - get paper here
  • Martin, Plul S. 1958. A biogeography of reptiles and amphibians in the Gomez Farias Region, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Miscellaneous publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan (101): 1-102 + 7 plates - get paper here
  • Martín-Regalado, N.; M. C. Lavariega, R. M. Gómez–Ugalde & C. Rodríguez–Pérez 2016. Anfibios y reptiles de la sierra de Cuatro Venados, Oaxaca, México. Arxius de Miscel·lània Zoològica, 14 (2016): 217–232 - get paper here
  • Mata-Silva, V., E. García-Padilla, D. L. DeSantis, A. Rocha, L. D. Wilson, P. R. Simón-Salvador, C. Mayoral-Halla, B. F. Montiel-Altamirano, and A. Ramírez-Bautista. 2017. New herpetofaunal distribution records for the state of Oaxaca, Mexico. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(3): 679–683 - get paper here
  • Mata-Silva, Vicente, Dominic L. DeSantis, Elí García-Padilla, Arturo Rocha, Larry David Wilson and Aurelio Ramírez-Bautista. 2016. Tantilla rubra Cope, 1863. Mexico, Oaxaca. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3(4): 1059–1060 - get paper here
  • Mata-Silva, Vicente, Jerry D. Johnson, Larry David Wilson and Elí García-Padilla. 2015. The herpetofauna of Oaxaca, Mexico: composition, physiographic distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (1): 6–62 - get paper here
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  • Smith, Hobart M. 1944. Snakes of the Hoogstraal Expeditions to northern Mexico. Zoological Series of Field Museum of Natural History 29 (8): 135-152 - get paper here
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  • Taylor,E.H. 1949. A preliminary account of the herpetology of the state of San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 33 (2): 169-215 - get paper here
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  • Terán-Juárez, Sergio A., Elí García Padilla, Vicente Mata-Silva, Jerry D. Johnson and Larry David Wilson. 2016. The herpetofauna of Tamaulipas, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3 (1): 43–113 - get paper here
  • Torres-Hernández, LA, Ramírez-Bautista A, Cruz-Elizalde R, Hernández-Salinas U, Berriozabal-Islas C, DeSantis DL, Johnson JD, Rocha A, García-Padilla E, Mata-Silva V, Fucsko LA, and Wilson LD. 2021. The herpetofauna of Veracruz, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 15(2) [General Section]: 72–155 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Wilson, L.D. 1999. Checklist and key to the species of the genus Tantilla (Serpentes: Colubridae), with some commentary on distribution. Smithsonian Herp. Inf. Serv. (122): 1-34 - get paper here
  • Wilson, L.D., R.K. Vaughan, and J.R. Dixon 2000. Tantilla rubra Cope La Rojilla (Red Black-headed Snake). Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (720): 1-3 - get paper here
  • Wilson, Larry David and Vicente Mata-Silva 2015. A checklist and key to the snakes of the Tantilla clade (Squamata: Colubridae), with comments on distribution and conservation. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (4): 418 - get paper here
  • Wilson, Larry David and Vicente Mata-Silva. 2014. Snakes of the genus Tantilla (Squamata: Colubridae) in Mexico: taxonomy, distribution, and Conservation. Mesoamerican Herpetology 1 (1): 5-95 - get paper here
  • Woolrich-Piña, G. A., E. García-Padilla, D. L. DeSantis, J. D. Johnson, V. Mata-Silva, and L. D. Wilson 2017. The herpetofauna of Puebla, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(4): 791–884 - get paper here
 
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