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Telescopus fallax FLEISCHMANN, 1831

IUCN Red List - Telescopus fallax - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesTelescopus fallax cyprianus BARBOUR & AMARAL 1927
Telescopus fallax fallax (FLEISCHMANN 1831)
Telescopus fallax iberus EICHWALD 1831
Telescopus fallax pallidus STEPANEK 1944
Telescopus fallax syriacus (BOETTGER 1880) 
Common NamesE: Mediterranean Cat Snake, European Catsnake
G: Europäische Katzennatter
Croatian: crnokrpica
Russian: Кошачья змея 
SynonymTelescopus fallax fallax (FLEISCHMANN 1831)
? Coluber vivax FITZINGER 1826: 57 (nomen nudum)
Tarbophis fallax FLEISCHMANN 1831: 18
Ailurophis vivax BONAPARTE 1837 in BONAPARTE 1832–1841
Telescopus fallax rhodicus WETTSTEIN 1952
Telescopus fallax mcewani SCHMIDT 1939
Tarbophis iberus EICHWALD 1831 (fide KHALIKOV, pers. comm.)
Tarbophis fallax FLEISCHMANN 1831 (fide KHALIKOV, pers. comm.)
? Tarbophis vivax — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1854: 913
Tachymenis vivax — GÜNTHER 1864: 489
Tarbophis vivax — BOETTGER 1879: 67
Tarbophis vivax — BOULENGER 1888
Tarbophis fallax — BOULENGER 1913
Tarbophis fallax — MARX 1930
Telescopus fallax multisquamatus WETTSTEIN 1952
Telescopus fallax intermedius GRUBER 1974
Telescopus fallax — ENGELMANN et al 1993
Telescopus fallax — TRAPP 2007
Telescopus fallax intermedius — GRUBER 2009: 140
Telescopus fallax multisquamatus — GRUBER 2009: 141
Telescopus fallax — WALLACH et al. 2014: 711
Telescopus fallax — ŠMÍD et al. 2019

Telescopus fallax cyprianus (BARBOUR & AMARAL 1927)
Tarbophis fallax cyprianus BARBOUR & AMARAL 1927
Tarbophis fallax cyprianus — WERNER 1936
Telescopus fallax cypriacus — GEBEL 2014 (online)
Telescopus fallax cypriacus — GENIEZ 2018: 195

Telescopus fallax iberus EICHWALD 1831
Trigonophis iberus EICHWALD 1831
Tarbophis iberus — BOULENGER 1913
Telescopus fallax iberus — SCHMIDT 1939
Telescopus fallax iberus — LEVITON et al. 1992
Telescopus fallax iberus — ENGELMANN et al 1993
Telescopus iberus — FRANK & RAMUS 1995: 240
Telescopus fallax iberus — BISCHOFF 2002
Telescopus fallax ibericus [sic] — RASTEGAR-POUYANI et al. 2008
Telescopus fallax iberus — GRUBER 2009: 140
Telescopus fallax iberus — NILSON & RASTEGAR-POUYANOI 2013
Telescopus fallax iberus — GENIEZ 2018: 195

Telescopus fallax pallidus STEPANEK 1944
Telescopus fallax pallidus STEPANEK 1944: 145
Telescopus fallax christianus BUCHHOLZ 1955
Telescopus fallax pallidus — FRÖR & BEUTLER 1978
Telescopus fallax pallidus — SOWIG 1985
Telescopus fallax pallidus — BÖHME 2014: 163
Telescopus fallax pallidus — GENIEZ 2018: 195

Telescopus fallax syriacus (BOETTGER 1880)
Tarbophis vivax f. syriaca BOETTGER 1880: 166
Tarbophis savignyi BOULENGER (fide SCHMIDT 1939: 83)
Tarbophis fallax syriacus — MERTENS 1924: 184
Tarbophis fallax syriacus — BARBOUR & AMARAL 1927
Telescopus fallax syriacus — SCHMIDT 1939
Telescopus fallax syriacus — ESTERBAUER 1985
Telescopus fallax syriacus — HRAOUI-BLOQUET et al. 2002
Telescopus fallax syriacus — GÖCMEN et al. 2007
Telescopus fallax syriacus — GENIEZ 2018: 195 
DistributionNE Italy (Limited to Friuli district, Val Rosandra TS [E. RAZZETTI, pers. comm.])
Greece (Paros, Antiparos, Mykonos, Crete, Kalymnos, Samos, Milos: Kimolos, Corfu, Syros, Chios), Albania,
coastal Croatia (including some adriatic islands), Slovenia (?), Serbia, Hercegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia,
S Bulgaria, Turkey, Malta, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Israel, S Russia (Caucasus, Dagestan), Armenia, Republic of Georgia, Azerbaijan

cyprianus: Cyprus

iberus: E Turkey, N Iran, S Russia, Armenia, S Republic of Georgia, Azerbaijan; Type locality: “Tiflis”.

intermedius:” Greece (Antikythira), Type locality: “Insel Antikythira” [Greece]

multisquamatus: Greece (Kufonisi off Crete). Type locality: “Insel Kufonisi”

pallidus: Greece (Crete, Gavdos, Elasa, Christiana); Type locality: “Gaudos, Insel, südlich von Kreta”

syriacus: Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, SE Turkey, N Israel; Type locality: “Jaffa”

Type locality: Trieste  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: nondesignated fide Wallach et al. 2014: 711
Holotype: ZFMK 9233, paratype in ZFMK [christianus]
Holotype: MCZ 22375 [cyprianus]
Holotype: unlocated fide V. Wallach and I. Doronin, pers. comm. May 2019 [iberus]
Holotype: ZSM 19/1972, female, collected by U. Gruber, 05.04.1972 [intermedius]
Lectotype: NMP 6V (Zool. N. Mus. Prag) 5632b (designated by Stepanek 1944, no holotype designated) [pallidus]
Lectotype: SMF 19632, male (fide Mertens 1967; original type was SMF 9047 fide Mertens 1922: 181) [syriacus]
Holotype: NMW XIX/1950-51, male [multisquamatus]
Holotype: ZFMK 9233 [christianus] 
DiagnosisDescription (iberus): Grillitsch & Grillitsch 1999: 775

Description (intermedius): “Die aufgrund eines einzelnen Exemplares errichtete Unterart hat mit anderen Inselrassen die 21 Rumpfschuppenlängsreihen und das tief zwischen 6. und 7. Supralabiale herabreichende Temporale gemein. Die hinteren Kinnschilder sind weit getrennt. Als besonders kennzeichnend erachtet der Erstbeschreiber die rundovale Form der 51 Rückenflecken, die caudad undeutlich werden.” (Grillitsch & Grillitsch 1999: 777).

Diagnosis (multisquamatus): 22 midbody scale rows, almost lost speckled pattern (translated from Wettstein 1952).

Description (multisquamatus): “Rumpfschuppen um die Körpermitte in 22 Längsreihen angeordnet. Hintere Kinnschilder lang und schmal, durch 2 Schuppen von einander getrennt. Hinteres unteres Temporale reicht tief zwischen 6. und 7. Supralabiale. Oberseite ockergrau, grob schwarzbraun bepudert, Fleckenzeichnung sehr undeutlich, fast fehlend” (Grillitsch & Grillitsch 1999: 776).

Diagnosis (pallidus): “Ringsum den Körper konstant 21 Schuppenreihen, an den dünnen Partien vor und hinter der Körpermitte ausnahmsweise 20 Reihen. Übrige Schuppen und Schilder wie bei der typischen Form. Die Färbung ist blaß graubraun an den lebenden Exemplaren, auf denen, die in Alkohol aufbewahrt sind
fast grau oder gelbgrau. Die jungen Exemplaren sind mit deutlichen Flecken versehen, immer ist aber die Zeichnung aus kleinen und blaßbraunen Flecken zusammengesetzt. Die Makel hinter dem Kopfe ist bei jungen Stücken zwar deutlich, aber blaß und nicht zu groß, während sie bei gleichgroßen Stücken von
Peloponnes sehr deutlich und dunkelbraun ist. Die erwachsenen Exemplare sind fast einfarbig graubraun, die Zeichnung ist auf den ersten Blick gar nicht sichtbar. Die Makel hinter dem Kopfe scheint bei dem ältesten Stücken gänzlich zu fehlen (Stepanek 1944: 147).

Diagnosis (rhodicus): “Während die benachbarten Inselrassen cyprianus auf Cypern und pallidus auf Kreta 21 Schuppenreihen um die Körpermitte haben, hat rhodicus so wie die system. Stammform fallax, nur 19 Schuppenreihen, aber die verblaßte Fleckenzeichnung der erstgenannten. Sie kann daher zu keiner der bisher beschriebenen Rassen gestellt werden.” (Wettstein 1952) 
CommentSubspecies: T. f. nigriceps are considered as valid species. However T. nigriceps and T. hoogstraali are paraphyletic with respect to T. fallax (s.l.). The T. fallax group is thus in need of revision (SMID et al. 2019). The validity of Telescopus fallax intermedius, T. f. rhodicus, and T. f. multisquamatus remain unclear, hence we consider them as synonyms of the nominate form for the time being.

Distribution: listed as questionable/possible for Jordan by DISI et al. 2001. Doesn’t live on the Strophades as is occasionally reported. Syros fide Sylvie Haller Xylouris (pers. comm. 10 Aug 2014). 
EtymologyA Latin adjective meaning ‘deceptive’ or ‘fallacious’ in the neutral nominative, with unclear justification. 
References
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https://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Telescopus&species=fallax

without field 'search_param'. Field 'search_param' is used for browsing search result.



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