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Tenuidactylus caspius (EICHWALD, 1831)

IUCN Red List - Tenuidactylus caspius - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaGekkonidae, Gekkota, Sauria, Squamata (lizards: geckos)
SubspeciesTenuidactylus caspius caspius (EICHWALD 1831)
Tenuidactylus caspius insularis (AKHMEDOV & SZCZERBAK 1978) 
Common NamesE: Caspian Bent-Toed Gecko, Caspian Thin-Toed Gecko
G: Kaspischer Nacktfingergecko, Bogenfingergecko 
SynonymGymnodactylus caspius EICHWALD 1831: 181
Gymnodactylus caspius — BOULENGER 1885: 26
Gymnodactylus caspius — STRAUCH 1887: 45
Cyrtodactylus caspius — UNDERWOOD 1954: 475
Gymnodactylus caspius — LEVITON 1959: 461
Tenuidactylus caspius — SZCZERBAK & GOLUBEV 1984
Cyrtopodion (Tenuidactylus) caspius — BÖHME 1985: 96
Tenuidactylus caspius — KLUGE 1993
Cyrtodactylus caspius — ENGELMANN et al 1993
Cyrtopodion caspium — ANDERSON 1999
Cyrtopodion (Tenuidactylus) caspius — RÖSLER 2000: 68
Tenuidactylus caspius — SZCZERBAK 2003
Cyrtopodion caspium — FROST 2007 (pers. comm.)
Cyrtopodion (Tenuidactylus) caspium — SINDACO & JEREMČENKO 2008
Tenuidactylus caspius — BAUER et al. 2013
Cyrtopodion caspius— DUNAEV & ORLOVA 2017

Tenuidactylus caspius insularis (AKHMEDOV & SZCZERBAK 1978)
Gymnodactylus caspius insularis AKHMEDOV & SZCZERBAK 1978
Tenuidactylus caspius insularis — ANANJEVA et al. 2006: 36 
DistributionAzerbaijan, Iran, NW Afghanistan, former USSR (Caucasus), Islands of the Caspian Sea, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, E Republic of Georgia, Abkhazia, Armenia, Dagestan (Igor Doronin, pers. comm., 23 May 2016)

Type locality: Baku, Azerbaijan

insularis: Azerbaijan (island Wulf in the Caspian Sea)  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesLectotype: ZISP (ZIL) 3182, designated by Sz & G, 1986:132; paralectotype: ZISP (ZIL) 3181
Holotype: NMNHU (given as ZIK Ren07 by De Lisle et al. 2013) [insularis] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Subfemoral tubercles present; males with continuous series of 23-31 femoral and preanal pores (total both sides); 19-23 strongly keeled, mucronate dorsal tubercles in paravertebral row from occiput to level of vent; first pair of postmentaIs in broad contact (Anderson 1999: 156).


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CommentType species: Gymnodactylus caspius EICHWALD 1831: 181 is the type species of the genus Tenuidactylus SZCZERBAK & GOLUBEV 1984: 52.

Distribution: See map in SMID et al. 2014 for distribution in Iran.

Reference images: see Uetz et al. 2024 for high-resolution reference images for this species. 
EtymologyNamed after the Caspian sea.

The genus is named after Latin tenuis, slender and Latin dactylus = finger, referring to the slender fingers in the species of this genus. Tenuidactylus is masculine in gender (Bauer 2019). 
References
  • Akhmedov, M. I., and N. N. Shcherbak. 1978. Gymnodactylus caspius insularis ssp. n. (Reptilia, Sauria), A new subspecies of Gymnodactylus caspius EICHW. f rom the Vulf Island in the Caspian Sea [in Russian]. Vestnik Zoologii, Kiev 1978 (2):80-82. - get paper here
  • Ananjeva, N. & Orlov, N. 2005. Lizards of North Eurasia. Reptilia (GB) (38): 54-63 - get paper here
  • Ananjeva, N. B.; N. L. Orlov; R. G. Khalikov, I. S. Darevsky; S. A. Ryabov & A. V. Barabanov 2004. Colored Atlas of the Reptiles of the North Eurasia (taxonomic diversity, distribution, conservation status) [in Russian with English Preface]. Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Saint-Petersburg, Russia. 2004. 232 pp
  • Anderson, S. C. & A. E. Leviton 1969. Amphibians and reptiles collected by the Street expedition to Afghanistan, 1965. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (4) 37: 25-56 - get paper here
  • Anderson, Steven C 1999. The lizards of Iran. Contributions to Herpetology Volume 15, Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Saint Louis, Missouri: i-vii, 1-442 [review in Copeia 2000 (4): 1144] - get paper here
  • Arakelyan, Marine S.; Felix D. Danielyan, Claudia Corti, Roberto Sindaco, and Alan E. Leviton 2011. The Herpetofauna of Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh. SSAR, Salt Lake City, 154 pp. [ISBN: 978-0-916984-84-7.]
  • Baig, K. J. 1998. A new species of Tenuidactylus (Sauria: Gekkonidae) from Balochistan, Pakistan. Hamadryad 23 (2): 127-132. - get paper here
  • Bauer, Aaron M. 2019. Book review: The Atlas of Reptiles of Iran. Omid Mozaffari, Kamran Kamali and Hadi Fahimi. 2016. Iran Department of the Environment, Tehran. 361 pp. Journal of Animal Diversity 1 (1): 20–25; DOI: 10.29252/JAD.2019.1.1.3 - get paper here
  • BAUER, AARON M.; RAFAQAT MASROOR, JAMES TITUS-MCQUILLAN, MATTHEW P. HEINICKE,, JUAN D. DAZA & TODD R. JACKMAN 2013. A preliminary phylogeny of the Palearctic naked-toed geckos (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae) with taxonomic implications. Zootaxa 3599 (4): 301–324 - get paper here
  • BESHARATI, MORAD; RASOUL KARAMIANI & AHMAD GHARZI. 2021. Confirmation of the Caspian Thin-Toed Gecko, Tenuidactylus caspius (Squamata: Gekkonidae), from western Iran. Herpetology Notes 14: 1269–1271. - get paper here
  • Böhme, W. 1985. Zur Nomenklatur der paläarktischen Bogenfingergeckos, Gattung Tenuidactylus Szczerbak & Golubev 1984 (Reptilia: Gekkonidae). Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 36: 95-98 - get paper here
  • Bondarenko, D.A. & Evgeny A. Peregontsev 2009. Peculiarities of landscape distribution of the Central Asian Tortoise, Agrionemys horsfieldii, in Iran. Zoology in the Middle East 48: 49–62 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. Geckonidae, Eublepharidae, Uroplatidae, Pygopodidae, Agamidae. London: 450 pp. - get paper here
  • Brushko, Z.K. 1995. Lizards of desert regions of Kazakhstan. [in Russian] Kazakhstan National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Zoology, Almaty, 232 pp.
  • Dunaev E.A., Orlova V.F. 2017. Amphibians and reptiles of Russia. Atlas and determination. 2nd. ed. Moscow: Phyton XXI, 328 p
  • Eichwald, E. 1831. Zoologia specialis, quam expositis animalibus tum vivis, tum fossilibus potissimuni rossiae in universum, et poloniae in specie, in usum lectionum publicarum in Universitate Caesarea Vilnensi. Zawadski, Vilnae. - get paper here
  • Engelmann, W.E. et al. 1993. Lurche und Kriechtiere Europas. Neumann Verlag (Radebeul, Germany), 440 pp.
  • Ghaffari, S. M., Mahmoudi, M., Salehi, H., & Sari, A. 2023. Karyological studies of three Iranian lizards of the family Gekkonidae from Iran. Scientific Reports in Life Sciences, 4(3), 1-12 - get paper here
  • Hojati, Vida, Kazem Parivar, Eskandar Rastegar-Pouyani and Abdolhossein Shiravi. 2013. The oogenic cycle of the Caspian Bent-toed Gecko, Cyrtopodion caspium (Squamata: Gekkonidae) in Iran. Acta Herpetologica 8 (1): 1-8 - get paper here
  • Hojati, Vida; Kazem Parivar, Eskandar Rastegar-Pouyani, and Abdolhossein Shiravi 2013. Observations on the spermatogenic cycle of the Caspian Bent-toed Gecko, Cyrtopodion caspium, in Iran (Sauria: Gekkonidae). Zoology in the Middle East 59 (1): - get paper here
  • Jablonski D, Khalili F, Masroor R 2023. The herpetofaunal diversity of Takhar Province, Afghanistan. Herpetozoa 36: 73-90 - get paper here
  • Jablonski D, Regan JM, Holzheuser C, Farooqi J, Basit A, Masroor R 2019. Additional data to the herpetofauna of Afghanistan. Herpetozoa 32: 177-193 - get paper here
  • Kamali, Kamran 2020. A Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Iran. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (www.chimaira.de). 574 pp.
  • Khan M S 1991. A new Tenuidactylus gecko from the Sulaiman Range, Punjab, Pakistan. Journal of Herpetology 25 (2): 199-204 - get paper here
  • Khan, M.S. 2008. Review of the morphology, ecology, and distribution of geckos of the genus Cyrtopodion, with a note on generic placement of Cyrtopodion brachykolon Krysko et. al., 2007. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences 6: 79–86
  • Leviton, Alan E. 1959. Report on a collection of reptiles from Afghanistan. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 29 (12): 445-463 - get paper here
  • Macey,J.R.; Ananjeva, N.B.; Wang, Y. & Papenfuss, T.J. 2000. Phylogenetic relationships among Asian gekkonid lizards formerly of the genus Cyrtodactylus based on cladistic analyses of allozyme data: monophyly of Cyrtopodion and Mediodactylus. Journal of Herpetology 34 (2): 258-265 - get paper here
  • Martin T, Guillemin M, Nivet-Mazerolles V, Landsmann C, Dubos J, Eudeline R, and Stroud J. 2017. The herpetofauna of central Uzbekistan. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 11(1) [General Section]: 93–107 - get paper here
  • Mofrad, S. S., Vaissi, S., Azimi, M., Khoshnamvand, H., & Ahmadzadeh, F. 2025. Low genetic diversity and future challenges for the Caspian bent-toed gecko (Tenuidactylus caspius) in a changing climate. Zoologischer Anzeiger - get paper here
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  • ŠMÍD, JIŘÍ; JIŘÍ MORAVEC, PETR KODYM, LUKÁŠ KRATOCHVÍL, SEYYED SAEED HOSSEINIAN YOUSEFKHANI, ESKANDAR RASTEGAR-POUYANI & DANIEL FRYNTA 2014. Annotated checklist and distribution of the lizards of Iran. Zootaxa 3855 (1): 001–097 - get paper here
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