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Teretrurus rhodogaster (WALL, 1921)

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Higher TaxaUropeltidae, Henophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Palni Mountain Burrowing Snake 
SynonymBrachyophidium rhodogaster WALL 1921
Teretrurus rhodogaster — SMITH 1943: 70
Teretrurus rhodogaster — WILLIAMS 1959
Brachyophidium rhodogaster — GANS 1966: 9
Brachyophidium rhodogaster — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 129
Teretrurus rhodogaster — SHARMA 2004
Brachyophidium rhodogaster — OLORI & BELL 2012
Brachyophidium rhodogaster — WALLACH et al. 2014: 123
Teretrurus rhodogaster — CYRIAC & KODANDARAMAIAH 2017
Teretrurus rhodogaster — GANESH & MURTHY 2022
Brachyophidium rhodogaster — SZYNDLAR & GEORGALIS 2023
Rhinophis rhodogaster — WALLACH 2025 
DistributionIndia (Shembaganur, Kodaikanal, Palnis, Kerala)

Type locality: „Palnai HiIls", S India (probably vicinity of Shembanagur).  
Reproductionovoviviparous 
TypesHolotype: BMNH 1921.3.4.13 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (genus): Brachyophidium can be distinguished from all other amniotes by the characters given above for the family, and from other uropeltids by eye in ocular shield, nasals in contact, a temporal, no mental groove, dorsal scales in 15 rows at midbody, a simple, unmodified tail tapering to a single pointed scale, and interchoanal process of parasphenoid absent (see Olori & Bell 2012, Pyron et al. 2016).


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CommentType species: Brachyophidium rhodogaster WALL 1921 is the type species of the genus Brachyophidium WALL 1921, now a synonym of Teretrurus. 
EtymologyNamed after Greek rhodon (ῥόδον) (a rose, hence red) and gaster (belly), in allusion to the reddish-orange venter of the species. 
References
  • Constable, JOHN D. 1949. Reptiles from the Indian Peninsula in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 103: 59-160. - get paper here
  • Cyriac, V. P., & Kodandaramaiah, U. 2017. Paleoclimate determines diversification patterns in the fossorial snake family Uropeltidae Cuvier, 1829. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 116(Supplement C), 97–107 - get paper here
  • Cyriac, V., Ganesh, S., Madani, Z., Ghosh, A., Kulkarni, V., & Shanker, K. 2024. Phylogenetic Systematics of the Shieldtail Snake Genus Teretrurus Beddome, 1886 (Squamata, Uropeltidae) Reveals Extensive Cryptic Diversity and Novel Geographic Spread in the Western Ghats of India. Bulletin of the Society of Systematic Biologists, 3(2) - get paper here
  • Ganesh, S. R., & Murthy, B. C. 2022. Taxonomy of the shieldtail snake genus Teretrurus Beddome, 1886 (Serpentes: Uropeltidae) with a revised key and remarks on the geographic gaps in the Western Ghats, Peninsular India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 122(1), 25-35
  • Gans, C. 1966. Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien. Uropeltidae. Das Tierreich Lfg. 84, 29 pp.
  • McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp.
  • Palot, M.J. 2015. A checklist of reptiles of Kerala, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 7(13): 8010–8022 - get paper here
  • Pyron R. A., Ganesh S. R., Sayyed A., Sharma V., Wallach V. & Somaweera R. 2016. A catalogue and systematic overview of the shield-tailed snakes (Serpentes: Uropeltidae). [type catalogue] Zoosystema 38 (4): 453-506 - get paper here
  • Sharma, R. C. 2004. Handbook Indian Snakes. AKHIL BOOKS, New Delhi, 292 pp.
  • Smith, M.A. 1943. The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. 3 (Serpentes). Taylor and Francis, London. 583 pp.
  • Szyndlar Z, Georgalis GL 2023. An illustrated atlas of the vertebral morphology of extant non-caenophidian snakes, with special emphasis on the cloacal and caudal portions of the column. Vertebrate Zoology 73: 717-886 - get paper here
  • Wall,F. 1921. A new snake of the family Uropeltidae. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 28: 41-42 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Whitaker, Romulus and Ashok Captain 2004. Snakes of India. Draco Books, 500 pp., reprinted 2007 - get paper here
  • Williams, Ernest E. 1959. The occipito-vertebral joint in the burrowing snakes of the family Uropeltidae. Breviora (106): 1-10 - get paper here
 
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