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Thamnophis exsul ROSSMAN, 1969

IUCN Red List - Thamnophis exsul - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaColubridae (Natricinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Montane Garter Snake
G: Zwerg-Strumpfbandnatter
S: Jarretera Mexicana Exilada 
SynonymThamnophis exsul ROSSMAN 1969
Thamnophis exsul — ROSSMAN et al. 1989
Thamnophis exsul — LINER 1992
Thamnophis exsul — LINER 1994
Thamnophis exsul — WALLACH et al. 2014: 722 
DistributionMexico (Tamaulipas, Nuevo León, Coahuila)

Type locality: relatively dry pine forest, 11 mi. E, 3.5 mi S San Antonio de las Alazanas, Coahuila, ca. 9,100 feet elevation.  
Reproductionovoviviparous 
TypesHolotype: USNM 166423, adult female 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (1747 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentSmallest member of the genus with a maximal total length of 46 cm.

Not listed by Liner 2007. 
EtymologyNamed after the Latin “exsul” meaning "banished person", in reference to its geographic isolation from its closest relatives. 
References
  • Bourguignon, T. 2002. Strumpfbandnattern: Herkunft - Pflege - Arten. E. Ulmer Verlag, 125 pp.
  • Grünwald, C. I., María del Carmen, G., Grünwald, A. J., Montaño-Ruvalcaba, C., Franz-Chávez, H., García-Vázquez, U. O., & Reyes-Velasco, J. 2024. A new species of Thamnophis (Serpentes, Colubridae) from Jalisco, Mexico, with a discussion on the phylogeny, taxonomy, and distribution of snakes related to Thamnophis scalaris. Herpetozoa, 37, 157-179 - get paper here
  • HALLAS, JOSHUA M.; THOMAS L. PARCHMAN & CHRIS R. FELDMAN. 2021. Phylogenomic analyses resolve relationships among garter snakes (Thamnophis: Natricinae: Colubridae) and elucidate biogeographic history and morphological evolution. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 107374. [2022 in print] - get paper here
  • Hallmen, M. & Chlebowy, J. 2001. Strumpfbandnattern. Natur und Tier Verlag (Münster), 192 pp. - get paper here
  • Heimes, P. 2016. Snakes of Mexico. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 572 pp
  • Lazcano D, Nevárez-de los Reyes M, García-Padilla E, Johnson JD, Mata-Silva V, DeSantis DL, Wilson LD. 2019. The herpetofauna of Coahuila, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13(2) [General Section]: 31–94 (e189) - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR, Cruz A 2016. Amphibians and Reptiles of the state of Nuevo León, Mexico. ZooKeys 594: 123-141, doi: 10.3897/zookeys.594.8289 - get paper here
  • Liner E A 1992. Thamnophis exsul. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 549: 1-2 - get paper here
  • Nevárez-de-los-Reyes, Manuel, David Lazcano, Elí García-Padilla, Vicente Mata-Silva, Jerry D. Johnson and Larry David Wilson. 2016. The Herpetofauna of Nuevo León, Mexico: Composition, Distribution, and Conservation. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3 (3): 558–638 - get paper here
  • Queiroz, Alan de; Robin Lawson and Julio A. Lemos-Espinal 2002. Phylogenetic Relationships of North American Garter Snakes (Thamnophis) Based on Four Mitochondrial Genes: How Much DNA Sequence Is Enough? Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 22: 315-329 - get paper here
  • Rossman, D. A.; Liner, E. A.;Trevino, C. H.; Chaney, A. H. 1989. Redescription of the garter snake Thamnophis exsul Rossman, 1969 (Serpentes: Colubridae). Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 102 (2): 507-514 - get paper here
  • Rossman, Douglas A. 1969. A new Natricine snake of the genus Thamnophis from Northern Mexico. Occasional papers of the Museum of Zoology, Louisiana State University (39): 1-4 - get paper here
  • Terán-Juárez, Sergio A., Elí García Padilla, Vicente Mata-Silva, Jerry D. Johnson and Larry David Wilson. 2016. The herpetofauna of Tamaulipas, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3 (1): 43–113 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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