You are here » home search results Thamnophis elegans

Thamnophis elegans (BAIRD & GIRARD, 1853)

IUCN Red List - Thamnophis elegans - Least Concern, LC

Can you confirm these amateur observations of Thamnophis elegans?

Add your own observation of
Thamnophis elegans »

Find more photos by Google images search: Google images

Higher TaxaColubridae (Natricinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesThamnophis elegans elegans (BAIRD & GIRARD 1853)
Thamnophis elegans vagrans (BAIRD & GIRARD 1853)
Thamnophis elegans hueyi VAN DENBURGH & SLEVIN 1923
Thamnophis elegans terrestris FOX 1951 
Common NamesE: Western Terrestrial Garter Snake
arizonae: Arizona Garter Snake
elegans: Mountain Garter Snake
errans: Mexican Wandering Garter Snake
terrestris: Coast Garter Snake
vagrans: Wandering Garter Snake
vascotanneri: Upper Basin Garter Snake
hueyi: San-Pedro-Martir Garter Snake
G: Bergstrumpfbandnatter
S: Jarretera Terrestre Occidental 
SynonymEutainia [sic] elegans BAIRD & GIRARD 1853: 34
Tropidonotus trivittatus HALLOWELL 1853
Eutaenia biscutata COPE 1883: 21
Eutaenia elegans lineolata COPE 1892
Eutaenia elegans brunnea COPE 1892
Eutaenia biscutata — COPE 1900: 1032
Eutaenia elegans — COPE 1900: 1033
Eutaenia elegans brunnea — COPE 1900: 1037
Eutaenia elegans lineolata — COPE 1900: 1038
Thamnophis ordinoides elegans — VAN DENBURGH & SLEVIN 1921
Thamnophis ordinoides elegans — FITCH 1936
Thamnophis elegans — SMITH & SMITH 1976
Thamnophis elegans — STEBBINS 1985: 201
Thamnophis elegans — LINER 1994
Thamnophis elegans — CROTHER et al. 2012
Thamnophis elegans — WALLACH et al. 2014: 721

Thamnophis elegans elegans (BAIRD & GIRARD 1853)
Eutainia [sic] elegans BAIRD & GIRARD 1853: 34
Thamnophis elegans elegans — ROSSMAN 1979
Thamnophis elegans elegans — CROTHER 2000
Thamnophis elegans elegans — CROTHER et al. 2012
Thamnophis elegans elegans — HALLAS et al. 2021

Thamnophis elegans hueyi VAN DENBURGH & SLEVIN 1923
Thamnophis ordinoides hueyi VAN DENBURGH & SLEVIN 1923: 2
Thamnophis ordinoides hueyi — SMITH & TAYLOR 1945
Thamnophis elegans hueyi — LINER 1994
Thamnophis elegans hueyi — ROSSMAN et al. 1996

Thamnophis elegans terrestris FOX 1951
Thamnophis elegans terrestris — STEBBINS 1985: 206 (listed under “couchii”)
Thamnophis elegans terrestris — COLLINS 1997
Thamnophis elegans terrestris — CROTHER 2000
Thamnophis elegans terrestris — BOL 2007
Thamnophis elegans terrestris — CROTHER et al. 2012
Thamnophis elegans terrestris — HALLAS et al. 2021

Thamnophis elegans vagrans (BAIRD & GIRARD 1853)
Eutainia [sic] vagrans BAIRD & GIRARD 1853:35
Eutaenia vagrans plutonia YARROW 1883
Eutaenia henshawi YARROW 1883
Tropidonotus vagrans — BOULENGER 1893: 202
Thamnophis vagrans — STEJNEGER 1893: 213
Eutaenia elegans plutonia — COPE 1900: 1035
Eutaenia elegans vagrans — COPE 1900: 1039
Thamnophis ordinoides vagrans — VAN DENBURGH & SLEVIN 1921
Thamnophis elegans nigrescens JOHNSON 1947
Thamnophis elegans vagrans — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 170
Thamnophis elegans arizonae TANNER & LOWE 1989
Thamnophis elegans vascotanneri TANNER & LOWE 1989
Thamnophis elegans vagrans — LINER 1994
Thamnophis elegans arizonae — ROSSMAN et al. 1996
Thamnophis elegans vascotanneri — ROSSMAN et al. 1996
Thamnophis elegans vagrans — BRUCHMANN 1997
Thamnophis elegans vargans — HALLMEN 2000 (in error)
Thamnophis elegans vagrans — CROTHER 2000
Thamnophis elegans arizonae — CROTHER 2000
Thamnophis elegans vascotanneri — CROTHER 2000
Thamnophis elegans vagrans — TENNANT & BARTLETT 2000: 103
Thamnophis elegans vagrans — SCHMIDT 2012
Thamnophis elegans vagrans — CROTHER et al. 2012
Thamnophis elegans vagrans — HALLAS et al. 2021
Thamnophis elegans vagrans — RECH 2023 
DistributionW USA (Washington, Oregon, Montana, Nebraska, Colorado), SW Canada,
Mexico (Baja California Norte, Chihuahua)

Has been found in 3990 m elevation.

arizonae (invalid): USA (E Arizona, W New Mexico); Type locality: “marsh approx. 2 miles east of Joseph City, Navajo Co., Arizona”

elegans: USA (C California, SW Oregon)

hueyi: Mexico (N Baja California); Type locality: Arroyo Encantado between La Grulla and La Encantada, Sierra San Pedro Martir, northern Baja California.

terrestris: USA (California); Type locality: Strawberry Canyon, Berkeley, Alameda County, California.

vagrans: W USA (Washington, Oregon, Nevada, NW New Mexico), W Canada (British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Alberta)

vascotanneri (invalid): USA (E Utah); Type locality: “junction of Boulger Creek and Huntington River, Emery Co., Utah”.  
Reproductionovoviviparous. There is evidence that vagrans is facultatively parthenogenetic (Schuett et al. 1997). 
TypesHolotype: USNM 882
Holotype: CAS 56855 [hueyi]
yntypes: (2) ANSP 10748-49; Oregon, south and west central lakes [biscutata]
Holotype: BYU 13358 [arizonae]
Holotype: BYU 10245 [vascotanneri]
Holotype: MVZ 48197 (adult female) [terrestris]
Syntypes: USNM 907 (2) [vagrans]
Syntypes: USNM 10840-10847, 10811, 8580, 8587, 9565, 11805, 12564 [Eutaenia elegans lineolata]
Syntype: USNM 10849 [Eutaenia elegans brunnea]
Holotype: USNM 8171 [Eutaenia vagrans plutonia]
Holotype: USNM 10912 [Eutaenia henshawi] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (4821 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentSubspecies: Hammerson (1999) presented substantial evidence that the races Thamnophis elegans arizonae Tanner & Lowe 1989, and Thamnophis elegans vascotanneri Tanner & Lowe 1989, did not deserve recognition. Similarly, Bronikowski and Arnold (2001) using DNA data, concluded that recognition of the race, Thamnophis elegans terrestris Fox 1951, was unsupported. However, Crother et al. 2012 and others maintained it as valid. Thamnophis elegans errans SMITH 1942 has been elevated to full species status. Hallas et al. 2021 found that vagrans is distinct from elegans and terrestris but refrained from elevating it to species status.

Synonymy: partly after Rossman et al. 1996. Eutaenia biscutata COPE 1883 and Eutaenia elegans brunnea COPE 1892 appear to be intergrades (hybrids) between elegans and vagrans, fide Rossman 1979.

Distribution: see Hallas et al. 2021 (Fig. 1) for an upndated map of the subspecies elegans, terrestris and vagrans.

Genome: The T. elegans genome has been sequenced by Vicoso et al. (2013). 
EtymologyNamed after Latin for elegant; biscutatus is Latin for two-scaled, referring to the horizontally divided preo-cular; hueyi is for L. M. Huey; nigrescens is Latin for blackened; terrestris is Latin for “of the earth, terrestrial”; vagrans is Latin for wandering. 
References
  • Adams, Michael J.; West, Stephen D.; Kalmbach, Lorrie. 1999. Amphibian and reptile surveys of U.S. Navy lands on the Kitsap and Toandos Peninsulas, Washington. Northwestern Naturalist 80 (1):1-7 - get paper here
  • Baird, S. F. and C. Girard. 1853. Catalogue of North American Reptiles in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Part 1.-Serpents. Smithsonian Inst., Washington, xvi + 172 pp. - get paper here
  • Baker, R.H. & Robert G. Webb 1976. Thamnophis elegans captures Sorex emarginatus. Herpetological Review 7 (3):112 - get paper here
  • Bateman, Heather L.; Alice Chung-MacCoubrey, Howard L. Snell, and Deborah M. Finch 2009. Abundance and Species Richness of Snakes along the Middle Rio Grande Riparian Forest in New Mexico. Herp. Cons. Biol. 4: 1 - get paper here
  • Berg, Philipp 2014. Bemerkung zum Prädator-Abwehrverhalten einer Berg-Strumpbandnatter Thamnophis elegans (Squamata, Colubridae) im Terrarium. Ophidia 8 (1): 15-22
  • Bezy, Robert L. and Charles J. Cole 2014. Amphibians and Reptiles of the Madrean Archipelago of Arizona and New Mexico. American Museum Novitates (3810): 1-24 - get paper here
  • Blair, Albert P. 1951. Note on the herpetology of the Elk Mountains, Colorado. Copeia 1951 (3): 239-240 - get paper here
  • Bol, S. 2007. Verzorging en kweek van de Santa Cruz kousebandslang, Thamnophis atratus atratus. Lacerta 65 (5): 200-217 - get paper here
  • Booth, Warren; Gordon W. Schuett 2015. The emerging phylogenetic pattern of parthenogenesis in snakes. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 118 (2): 172–186, DOI: 10.1111/bij.12744
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. London (Taylor & Francis), 448 pp. - get paper here
  • Bourguignon, T. 2002. Strumpfbandnattern: Herkunft - Pflege - Arten. E. Ulmer Verlag, 125 pp.
  • Bronikowski, Anne M. and Steven J. Arnold 2001. Cytochrome b phylogeny does not match subspecific classification in the western terrestrial garter snake, Thamnophis elegans. Copeia 2001 (2): 508-513 - get paper here
  • Bruchmann, H. 1997. Haltung und Nachzucht von Thamnophis elegans vagrans. Elaphe 5 (2): 20-24
  • Burbrink FT, Futterman I. 2019. Female‐ biased gape and body-size dimorphism in the New World watersnakes (tribe: Thamnophiini) oppose predictions from Rensch's rule. Ecol Evol. 00:1–10
  • Butler, R.H. 1982. Literature: Notes on the feeding behaviour of Thamnophis elegans terrestris in captivity. Litteratura Serpentium 2 (3): 151 - get paper here
  • Butler, Roger 1989. The captive care and breeding of Thamnophis elegans terrestris. Litteratura Serpentium 9 (5): 232-233 - get paper here
  • Collins J T 1997. Standard Common and current scientific names for North American amphibians and reptiles, 4th edition. Herpetological Circular 25: 1-40
  • Conant,R. & Collins,J.T. 1991. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern/Central North America, 3rd ed. Houghton Mifflin (Boston/New York), xx + 450 p.
  • Cope, E.D. 1900. The crocodilians, lizards and snakes of North America. Ann. Rep. U.S. Natl. Mus. 1898: 153-1270 - get paper here
  • Crother, B. I. (ed.) 2012. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Seventh Edition. Herpetological Circular 39: 1-92
  • De Queiroz, A. & R.R. Groen 2001. The Inconsistent and Inefficient Constricting Behavior of Colorado Western Terrestrial Garter Snakes, Thamnophis elegans Journal of Herpetology 35 (3): 450-460. - get paper here
  • Degenhardt, William G.; C. W. Painter, and A. H. Price 1996. Amphibians and reptiles of New Mexico. Univ. New Mexico Press, 431 pp.
  • Eaton, Theodore H., Jr 1935. Report on amphibians and reptiles of the Navajo country. Bulletin 3. Rainbow Bridge-Monument Valley Expedition : 1-20 - get paper here
  • Farr, D.R. & P.T. Gregory 1991. Sources of Variation in Estimating Litter Characteristics of the Garter Snake, Thamnophis elegans Journal of Herpetology 25 (3): 261-268. - get paper here
  • Feldman, C. R. & de Queiroz, A. 2012. Thamnophis elegans vagrans (wandering gartersnake) diet. Herpetological Review 43: 497-498 - get paper here
  • FELDMAN, C. R., R. W. HANSEN, AND R. SIKOLA 2020. Thamnophis elegans terrestris (Coast Gartersnake). Tetrodotoxin Poisoning. Herpetological Review 51: 630-631.
  • Ferguson, Denzel E.;Payne, K. Ellsworth;Storm, Robert M. 1958. Notes on the herpetology of Baker County, Oregon. Great Basin Naturalist 18 (2): 63-65 - get paper here
  • Fitch H S 1983. Thamnophis elegans (Baird and Girard). Western terrestrial garter snake. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles ( 320: 1-4 - get paper here
  • Fitch, H. S. 1936. Amphibians and reptiles of the Rouge River Basin, Oregon. American Midland Naturalist 17: 634-652 - get paper here
  • Fitch, Henry S. 1980. Remarks concerning certain western garter snakes of the Thamnophis elegans Complex. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 83 (3): 106-113 - get paper here
  • Fox, W. 1948. Effect of temperature on development of scutellation in the garter snake, Thamnophis elegans atratus Copeia 1948 (4): 252-262. - get paper here
  • Fox, W. 1951. Relationships among the garter snakes of the Thamnophis elegans rassenkreis. Univ. California Publ. Zool. 50: 485-530
  • Franz, Richard 1971. Notes on the distribution and ecology of the herpetofauna of northern Montana. Bull. Maryland Herp. Soc. 7 (1): 1-10 - get paper here
  • Gangloff, Eric J., David Bertolatus, Christopher Reigel, and Jennifer L. Gagliardi-Seeley. 2014. Effects of sex, environment, and condition on the musking behavior of sympatric gartersnakes (Thamnophis spp.). The Journal of North American Herpetology 2014(1):40-46 - get paper here
  • GANGLOFF, ERIC J.; VIANEY LEOS-BARAJAS, GABRIEL DEMUTH, HAOZHE ZHANG, CLINT D. KELLY & ANNE M. BRONIKOWSKI. 2021. Movement modeling and patterns of within- and among-individual behavioral variation across time scales in neonate garter snakes (Thamnophis elegans). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 75(12). - get paper here
  • Garland, T., Jr. & S.J. Arnold 1983. Effects of a full stomach on locomotor performance of juvenile garter snakes (Thamnophis elegans) Copeia 1983 (4): 1092-1096. - get paper here
  • Geluso, Keith and Kenneth N. Geluso. 2011. Geographic Distribution: Thamnophis elegans (terrestrial gartersnake). Herpetological Review 42 (3): 396 - get paper here
  • Gregory, P.T., & Campbell, R.W. 1984. The reptiles of British Columbia. Brit. Columbia Prov. Mus., Victoria, Handbook no. 44 103 pp.
  • Gregory, P.T., J.M. Macartney & D.H. Rivard 1980. Small Mammal Predation and Prey Handling Behavior by the Garter Snake Thamnophis elegans Herpetologica 36 (1): 87-93. - get paper here
  • Grismer, Jesse L. 1994. Food observations on the endemic Sierra San Pedro Mártir garter snake (Thamnophis elegans hueyi) from Baja California, México. Herpetological Natural History 2 (1): 107-108
  • Grübner, D. 2006. Die seltener beobachteten Strumpfbandnattern. Draco 6 (25): 66-76 - get paper here
  • Grübner, Daniel 2014. Farbformen bei Strumpfbandnattern. Ein Blick in die Vergangenheit, das Heute und die Trends von Morgen. Draco 16 (57): 16-27 - get paper here
  • Hallas, J. M., Parchman, T. L., & Feldman, C. R. 2021. The influence of history, geography and environment on patterns of diversification in the western terrestrial garter snake. Journal of Biogeography 48(9): 2226–2245. - get paper here
  • HALLAS, JOSHUA M.; THOMAS L. PARCHMAN & CHRIS R. FELDMAN. 2021. Phylogenomic analyses resolve relationships among garter snakes (Thamnophis: Natricinae: Colubridae) and elucidate biogeographic history and morphological evolution. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 107374. [2022 in print] - get paper here
  • Hallmen, M. 2000. Erstaunliches aus der Biologie der Strumpfbandnattern. Reptilia (Münster) 5 (23): 32-39 - get paper here
  • Hallmen, M. 2003. Haltung und Zucht von Thamnophis elegans terrestris “Red Morph”. Reptilia (Münster) 8 (42): 58-64 - get paper here
  • Hallmen, M. & Chlebowy, J. 2001. Strumpfbandnattern. Natur und Tier Verlag (Münster), 192 pp. - get paper here
  • Hallmen, M. & Grübner, D. 2006. Überblick über die Gattung Thamnophis. Draco 6 (25): 6-24 - get paper here
  • Hammerson, G.A. 1999. Amphibians and Reptiles in Colorado. Second Edition. University Press of Colorado, Niwot. xxvi + 484 pp.
  • Hanscom, R. J., Higham, T. E., Ryan, D., & Clark, R. W. 2023. Ambush hunting in snakes: behaviour, function, and diversity. In: D. Penning (ed.), Snakes: morphology, function, and ecology. Hauppauge, New York: Nova Science Publishers - get paper here
  • Hebard, William B. 1950. A dimorphic color pattern of the garter snake Thamnophis elegans vagrans in the Puget Sound region. Copeia 1950 (3): 217-219 - get paper here
  • Heimes, P. 2016. Snakes of Mexico. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 572 pp
  • Hendricks, Paul 1996. Geographic Distribution. Thamnophis elegans vagrans. Herpetological Review 27 (2): 89 - get paper here
  • Heyborne, W.H., Belnap, D.L., Durso, A.M. & Neuman-Lee, L.A. 2018. Thamnophis elegans vagrans (Wandering Gartersnake) Melanistic coloration. Herpetological Review 49 (1): 141. - get paper here
  • Horner, Margaret A., Bryan T. Hamilton and Karla J. Mingus. 2016. Thamnophis elegans vagrans (Wandering Gartersnake) Predation. Herpetological Review 47 (2): 317 - get paper here
  • Isaac, Leigh Anne; Patrick T. Gregory 2013. Can snakes hide in plain view? Chromatic and achromatic crypsis of two colour forms of the Western Terrestrial Garter Snake (Thamnophis elegans). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013 - get paper here
  • Jennings, W.B., D.F. Bradford & D.F. Johnson 1992. Dependence of the Garter Snake Thamnophis elegans on Amphibians in the Sierra Nevada of California Journal of Herpetology 26 (4): 503-505. - get paper here
  • Johnson, M.L. & J.R. Slater 1949. On the Validity of Thamnophis elegans nigrescens Johnson Copeia 1949 (4): 288. - get paper here
  • King, F.W. 1932. Arizona Records from the Vicinity of Mormon Lake Copeia 1932 (2): 99. - get paper here
  • Klauber, Laurence M. 1938. Notes from a herpetological diary, I. Copeia 1938 (4): 191-197 - get paper here
  • Kuitems, W. 2003. Kannibalisme bij Thamnophis elegans vagrans. Lacerta 61 (2): 69-72 - get paper here
  • Lawson & Dessauer 1979. Biochemical genetics and systematics of garter snakes of the Thamnophis elegans-couchii-ordinoides complex. Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ. 56 - get paper here
  • Lawson, Robin;Dessauer, Herbert C. 1979. Biochemical genetics and systematics of garter snakes of the Thamnophis elegans-couchii-ordinoides complex. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, Lousiana State University (56): 1-24
  • Lemos-Espinal, Julio A. (ed.) 2015. Amphibians and Reptiles of the US - Mexico Border States / Anfibios y Reptiles de los Estados de la Frontera México - Estados Unidos. Texas A&M University Press, College Station, Texas. x + 614 pp.; ISBN 978-1-62349-306-6. - get paper here
  • Licht, E.L. 1985. Thamnophis elegans vagrans (Gray Garter Snake), Longevity Bull. Maryland Herpetol. Soc., 21(4): 150. - get paper here
  • Lillywhite, H.B. 2022. Discovering snakes in wild places. ECO Publishing, Rodeo, NM, 164 pp. - get paper here
  • Lynch, J.D. 1985. Annotated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Nebraska. Nebraska Acad. of Sci., Lincoln, Trans. 13: 33-57.
  • Manier, M.K.; Seyler, C.M. & Arnold, S.J. 2007. Adaptive divergence within and between ecotypes of the terrestrial garter snake, Thamnophis elegans, assessed with FST-QST comparisons. J Evol Biol. 20: 1705 – 1719 - get paper here
  • Miller DAW, Janzen FJ, Fellers GM, et al. 2014. Biodemography of Ectothermic Tetrapods Provides Insights into the Evolution and Plasticity of Mortality Patterns. In: Committee on Population; Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education; National Research Council; Weinstein M, Lane MA, National Academies Press (US); 2014 Sep 22. - get paper here
  • O'Donnell, R.P. & S.J. Arnold 2005. Evidence for Selection on Thermoregulation: Effects of Temperature on Embryo Mortality in the Garter Snake Thamnophis elegans Copeia 2005 (4): 930-934. - get paper here
  • O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here
  • Peralta-García A, Valdez-Villavicencio JH, Fucsko LA, Hollingsworth BD, Johnson JD, Mata-Silva V, Rocha A, DeSantis DL, Porras LW, and Wilson LD. 2023. The herpetofauna of the Baja California Peninsula and its adjacent islands, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 17(1&2): 57–142
  • Queiroz, Alan de; Robin Lawson and Julio A. Lemos-Espinal 2002. Phylogenetic Relationships of North American Garter Snakes (Thamnophis) Based on Four Mitochondrial Genes: How Much DNA Sequence Is Enough? Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 22: 315-329 - get paper here
  • Rech, Inna 2023. Zwischen Bären und Fossilien – die Herpetofauna Westkanadas. Elaphe 2023 (2): 40-46
  • Robert L. Bezy 2021. Biogeographic Outliers in the Arizona Herpetofauna. Sonoran Herpetologist 34 (2): 49 - get paper here
  • Rodríguez-Robles, Javier A., Good, David A., Wake, David B. 2003. Brief History of Herpetology in the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, with a List of Type Specimens of Recent Amphibians and Reptiles. UC Publications in Zoology, 119 pp. - get paper here
  • Rombough, C. and L. Trunk 2017. Geographic Distribution: Thamnophis elegans (Terrestrial Gartersnake). Herpetological Review 48 (2): 393 - get paper here
  • Rossman, D. A. 1962. Relationships of the elegans complex of the garter snakes, genus Thamnophis. Year Book of the American Philosophical Society : 347-348 - get paper here
  • Rossman, D.A. 1979. Morphological evidence for taxonomic partitioning of the Thamnophis elegans complex (Serpentes: Colubridae). Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ. (55): 1-12 - get paper here
  • Rossman, D.A. & Burbrink, F.T. 2005. Species limits within the Mexican garter snakes of the Thamnophis godmani complex. Occ. Papers Mus. Nat. Science (79): 1-43 - get paper here
  • Rossman, Douglas A. 1963. Relationships of the elegans complex of garter snakes, genus Thamnophis. Year Book of the American Philosophical Society 1963: 347-348
  • Rossman, Douglas A.; Ford, Neil B. & Seigel, Richard A. 1996. The Garter Snakes: Evolution and Ecology. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK, xx + 332 + pp.
  • Schmidt, Dieter 2012. Giftbisse von giftigen und „harmlosen“ Schlangen. Teil 2. Terraria-Elaphe 2012 (3): 68-75 - get paper here
  • Schuett, Gordon W.;Fernandez, Philip J.;Gergits, William F.;Casna, Nancy J.;Chiszar, David;Smith, Hobert M.;Mitton, Jeffrey B.;Mackessy, Stephen P.;Odum, R. Andrew;Demlong, Michael J. 1997. Production of offspring in the absence of males: evidence for facultative parthenogenesis in bisexual snakes. Herpetological Natural History 5 (1): 1-10
  • Schwartz TS, Tae H, Yang Y, Mockaitis K, VanHemert JL, Proulx SR, Choi J, Bronikowski AM 2010. A garter snake transcriptome: pyrosequencing, de novo assembly, and sex-specific differences. BMC Genomics 2010, 11:694 - get paper here
  • Seidel, M.E. & R.G. Lindeborg 1973. Lags in Metabolic Response to Temperature of Two Garter Snakes, Thamnophis elegans and Thamnophis radix Herpetologica 29 (4): 358-360. - get paper here
  • Stebbins,R.C. 1985. A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians, 2nd ed. Houghton Mifflin, Boston
  • Stejneger, L.H. 1893. Annotated list of the reptiles and batrachians collected by the Death Valley Expedition in 1891, with descriptions of new species. North American Fauna, No. 7: 159-228 (+ 14 plates + 4 maps) - get paper here
  • Strathemann, U. 1997. Bemerkungen zur Haltung der Wandernden Strumpfbandnatter (Thamnophis elegans vagrans STEJNEGER 1893). Elaphe 5 (1): 2-6
  • Tanner, Vasco M. 1930. The amphibians and reptiles of Bryce Canyon National Park, Utah. Copeia 1930 (2): 41-43 - get paper here
  • Tanner, W.W. 1949. Food of the Wandering Garter Snake, Thamnophis elegans vagrans (Baird & Girard), in Utah Herpetologica 5 (4): 85-86. - get paper here
  • Tanner, Wilmer W. 1950. Variation in the scale and color pattern of the wandering garter snake, in Utah and southern Idaho. Herpetologica 6: 194-196 - get paper here
  • Tanner, Wilmer W. 1959. A new Thamnophis from western Chihuahua with notes on four other species. Herpetologica 15 (4): 165-172 - get paper here
  • Tanner, Wilmer W.;Lowe, Charles H. 1989. Variations in Thamnophis elegans with descriptions of new subspecies. Great Basin Naturalist 49 (4): 511-516 - get paper here
  • Taylor-Young, M. 2011. The Guide to Colorado Reptiles and Amphibians. Fulcrum Publishing, Golden, Colorado, 169 pp.
  • Tennant, A. 2003. Snakes of North America - Eastern and Central Regions, revised edition. Lone Star Books, 605 pp.
  • Tennant, A. & Bartlett, R.D. 2000. Snakes of North America - Eastern and Central Regions. Gulf Publishing, Houston, TX, 588 pp.
  • Van Denburgh, J.; Slevin, J. R. 1923. Preliminary diagnoses of four new snakes from Lower California, Mexico. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (4) 13 (1): 1-2 - get paper here
  • Van Denburgh,J. and Slevin,J.R. 1921. A list of the amphibians and reptiles of Nevada, with notes on the species in the collection of the academy. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (4) 11 (2): 27-38 - get paper here
  • Vicoso B, Emerson JJ, Zektser Y, Mahajan S, Bachtrog D 2013. Comparative Sex Chromosome Genomics in Snakes: Differentiation, Evolutionary Strata, and Lack of Global Dosage Compensation. PLoS Biol 11 (8): e1001643 - get paper here
  • Voris, H.K., D.R. Karns, K.A. Feldheim, B. Kechavarzi, and M. Rinehart. 2008. Multiple paternity in the oriental-australian rear-fanged watersnakes (Homalopsidae). Herp. Cons. Biol. 3: 88-102 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Waye, H.L. 1999. Size and age structure of a population of Western Terrestrial Garter Snakes (Thamnophis elegans) Copeia 1999 (3): 819-823. - get paper here
  • Waye, H.L. & P.T. Gregory 1993. Choices of Neonate Thamnophis elegans vagrans Between Conspecific, Congeneric, and Heterogeneric Odors Journal of Herpetology 27 (4): 435-441. - get paper here
  • Webb, R.G. 1984. Herpetogeography in the Mazatlán-Durango Region of the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico. Vetrebrate Ecology and Systematics - A ribute to Henry S. Fitch; Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence, pp. 217-241
  • Webb, Robert G. 1976. A review of the garter snake Thamnophis elegans in Mexico. Contributions in Science (284): 1-13 - get paper here
  • Werning, Heiko 2012. Die Reptilien und Amphibien des Südwestens. Draco 13 (50): 18-60 - get paper here
  • WESTEEN, ERIN P. & JOSÉ G. MARTÍNEZ-FONSECA. 2021. THAMNOPHIS ELEGANS VAGRANS (Wandering Gartersnake). PREDATION. Herpetological Review 52 (1): 172–173. - get paper here
  • Westphal, Michael F. 2006. On the Evolution of Correlated Color Traits in Garter Snakes. PhD Dissertation, Oregon State University, 180 pp. - get paper here
  • Woodbury, Angus M.;Hansen, Richard M. 1950. A snake den in Tintic Mountains, Utah. Herpetologica 6: 66-70 - get paper here
  • Woodin, W.H., III 1950. Notes on Arizona Species of Thamnophis Herpetologica 6 (2): 39-40. - get paper here
  • Wright, D.L., K.V. Kardong & D.L. Bentley 1979. The Functional Anatomy of the Teeth of the Western Terrestrial Garter Snake, Thamnophis elegans Herpetologica 35 (3): 223-228. - get paper here
 
External links  
Is it interesting? Share with others:

As link to this species use URL address:

https://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Thamnophis&species=elegans

without field 'search_param'. Field 'search_param' is used for browsing search result.



Please submit feedback about this entry to the curator