Thamnophis unilabialis TANNER, 1985

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Higher Taxa	Colubridae (Natricinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: Madrean Narrowheaded Garter Snake S: Jarretera Cabeza-angosta
Synonym	Thamnophis rufipunctatus unilabialis TANNER 1985: 648 Thamnophis unilabialis — WOOD et al. 2011 Thamnophis unilabialis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 727
Distribution	Mexico (E Sonora, Chihuahua, Durango) Type locality: 0.5 mi SW of Bocoyna, Chihuahua, Mexico.
Reproduction	ovoviviparous.
Types	Holotype: BYU 14217, adul female; paratypes: BYU, ASU, UAZ, NMMZ, AMNH, UTEP
Diagnosis	Diagnosis: A subspecies of rufipunctatus that differs from both r. rufipunctatus and r. nigronuchalis in having only the 4th supralabial contacting the eye by reason of the lower postocular having a firm contact with the 4th labial; ventral reduced and ventral-caudal averages 13-15 scales fewer than in r. rufipunctatus. Ventral color pattern with anterior margins of scales usually pigmented, forming alternating dark and light transverse bands. (Tanner 1985) Additional details (3608 characters) are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details.
Comment	Synonymy: The subspecific distinctness of T. r. unilabialis was based on its having only one supralabial contacting the orbit (usually two in T. r. rufipunctatus), fewer ventrals and subcaudals than T. r. rufipunctatus, and a different ventral pattern than T. r. rufipunctatus. Rossman (1995) showed that only the differences in ventral and subcaudal numbers are reasonably consistent, and he concluded that this seemed an insufficient basis for taxonomic recognition of the Mexican populations. (Rossman et al. 1996: 39, 245) Distribution: see map in Wood et al. 2011: 3838.
Etymology	Not explicitly given by Tanner but probably named after the 4th supralabial which is the only supralabial contacting the eye, from Latin unus = one, and Latin labialis, pertaining to the lips.
References	Heimes, P. 2016. Snakes of Mexico. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 572 pp Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR, Gadsden-Esparza H, Valdez-Lares R, Woolrich-Piña GA 2018. Amphibians and reptiles of the state of Durango, Mexico, with comparisons with adjoining states. ZooKeys 748: 65-87 - get paper here Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR, Rorabaugh JC 2019. A conservation checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Sonora, Mexico, with updated species lists. ZooKeys 829: 131-160 - get paper here Rorabaugh, J C; Turner, D; van Devender, T R; Hugo-Cabrera, V; Maynard, R J; Van Devender, R W; Villa, R A; Hamilton, P; Hale, S F; Aguilar-Morales, C; Blanco-Gutiérrez, A; Wallace, E & Hedgcock, C; 2019. Herpetofauna of the Mesa Tres Ríos area in the Northern Sierra Madre Occidental of Sonora, Mexico. Herpetological Review 50 (2): 251-259 - get paper here Tanner, Wilmer W. 1985. Snakes of Western Chihuahua. Great Basin Naturalist 45 (4): 615-676 - get paper here Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp. Wood, Dustin A.; A. G. Vandergast, J . A. Lemos Espinal, R. N. Fisher & A. T. Holycross 2011. REFUGIAL ISOLATION AND DIVERGENCE IN THE NARROWHEAD GARTER SNAKE SPECIES COMPLEX (THAMNOPHIS RUFIPUNCTATUS) AS REVEALED BY MULTILOCUS DNA SEQUENCE DATA. Molecular Ecology 20: 3856–3878 - get paper here
External links	National Center for Biotechnology Information Google images

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