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Toxicocalamus loennbergii (BOULENGER, 1908)

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Higher TaxaElapidae (Hydrophiinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Lönnberg’s forest snake 
SynonymApisthocalamus loennbergii BOULENGER 1908: 248
Apistocalamus loennbergi – Sternfeld 1913: 387
Apistocalamus lönnbergi – DE ROOIJ 1917: 260
Apistocalamus loriae (part) – MCDOWELL 1967: 537
Toxicocalamus (Apistocalamus) loriae – MCDOWELL, 1969: 456 (part)
Apisthocalamus loennbergi — KOERBER 2009
Toxicocalamus loennbergii — KRAUS et al. 2022: 1014 
DistributionIndonesia (West Papua Province: Onin Peninsula)

Type locality: both Indonesia: West Papua: north of Fakfak  
Reproductionoviparous; a specimen contained seven eggs (O’Shea et al. 2018: 422). 
TypesLectotype: BMNH 1946.1.18.24, paralectotypes: BMNH 1946.1.18.25– 1946.1.18.26, collected by Antwerp Edgar Pratt ca. 1905 (fide Kraus et al. 2022). 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: “A modestly sized member of the T. loriae Group (maximum SVL 565 mm, only females known) with the following unique combination of characters: two scales covering vent; four infralabials contacting anterior genial; a single intergenial separating posterior genials, widest posteriorly. Preocular elongate, approximately twice as long as wide, contacting nasal (62%) or not (38%), not contacting internasal; relatively short snout (SNL/ SNW x̄ = 0.95, range = 0.93–0.99); relatively small eye (EY/SNL x̄ = 0.16, range = 0.15–0.18); one postocular (fused to supraocular on one side of one specimen); three posterior temporals; 214–220 ventrals in four females; 23–32 subcaudals; SCR 9.7–12.7%; dark vertebral stripe; large pale blotch on parietal; pale markings on prefrontals absent (50%), small or vaguely developed (25%), or well developed (25%), best developed in the smallest specimen; tail spine white, paler than remainder of tail; and venter uniformly yellow.” (Kraus et al. 2022: 1014)


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CommentVenomous!

Habitat: fossorial (digging)

Behavior: diurnal 
EtymologyNamed by Boulenger (1908) for Professor Einar Lönnberg (1865–1942), the Swedish zoologist who described Pseudapistocalamus nymani. 
References
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G. A. 1898. An account of the reptiles and batrachians collected by Dr. L. Loria in British New Guinea. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 18: 694—710 [1897?] - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1908. Description of a new elapine snake of the genus Apisthocalamus, Blg., from New Guinea. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 1 (3): 248-249. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, GEORGE A. 1904. Descriptions of three new snakes. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 13 (78): 450-452 - get paper here
  • Clegg, Jonathan R. and Merlijn Jocque 2015. The Collection of Snakes Made by Benoît Mys and Jan Swerts in Northern Papua New Guinea in 1982–85. Journal of Herpetology 50 (3): 476-485 [2016] - get paper here
  • Kinghorn, J. R. 1928. Notes on Some Reptiles and Batrachians from the Northern Division of Papua, With Descriptions of New Species of Apisthocalamus and Lygosoma. Rec. Austral. Mus. 16: 289-293. - get paper here
  • Koerber, S. 2009. From sponges to primates: emendation of 30 species nomina dedicated to the Swedish zoologist Einar Lönnberg. Zootaxa 2201: 63–68 - get paper here
  • Kraus, Fred 2009. NEW SPECIES OF TOXICOCALAMUS (SQUAMATA: ELAPIDAE) FROM PAPUA NEW GUINEA. Herpetologica 65 (4): 460 - get paper here
  • McDowell, Samuel B. 1969. Toxicocalamus, a New Guinea genus of snakes of the family Elapidae. Journal of Zoology, London 159: 443-511 - get paper here
  • O’Shea, Mark; Allen Allison, Hinrich Kaiser 2018. The taxonomic history of the enigmatic Papuan snake genus Toxicocalamus (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae), with the description of a new species from the Managalas Plateau of Oro Province, Papua New Guinea, and a revised dichotomous key. Amphibia-Reptilia 39 (4): 403-433 - get paper here
  • O’Shea, Mark; Fred Parker, and Hinrich Kaiser 2015. A New Species of New Guinea Worm-Eating Snake, Genus Toxicocalamus (Serpentes: Elapidae), From the Star Mountains of Western Province, Papua New Guinea, With a Revised Dichotomous Key to the Genus. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 161 (6): 241-264. - get paper here
  • O’Shea,M. 1996. A Guide to the Snakes of Papua New Guinea. Independent Publishing, Port Moresby, xii + 239 pp. - get paper here
  • Parker, H.W. 1936. A collection of reptiles and amphibians from the mountains of British New Guinea. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 17: 66-93 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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