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Toxicocalamus preussi (STERNFELD, 1913)

IUCN Red List - Toxicocalamus preussi - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaElapidae (Hydrophiinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesToxicocalamus preussi angusticinctus (BOGERT & MATALAS 1945)
Toxicocalamus preussi preussi (STERNFELD 1913) 
Common NamesE: Preuss’s forest snake
angusticinctus: Fly River forest snake
preussi: Preuss’s Sepik forest snake 
SynonymUltrocalamus preussi STERNFELD 1913: 388
Toxicocalamus (Ultrocalamus) preussi — MCDOWELL 1969: 479
Toxicocalamus preussi — WELCH 1994: 113
Toxicocalamus preussi — KRAUS 2009
Toxicocalamus preussi — WALLACH et al. 2014: 733
Toxicocalamus preussi — O’SHEA et al. 2015

Toxicocalamus preussi angusticinctus (BOGERT & MATALAS 1945)
Ultrocalamus preussi angusticinctus BOGERT & MATALAS 1945
Toxicocalamus preussi angusticinctus — O’SHEA 1996
Toxicocalamus preussi angusticinctus — O’SHEA et al. 2015
Toxicocalamus angusticinctus — WALLACH 2025

Toxicocalamus preussi preussi (STERNFELD 1913)
Ultrocalamus preussi preussi STERNFELD 1913
Toxicocalamus preussi preussi — KRAUS 2009 (by implication) 
DistributionIndonesia (Irian Jaya), Papua New Guinea

Type locality: Seleo Island (”bei Berlinhafen”), West Sepik Province

angusticinctus: Papua New Guinea (Western Province); Type locality: Katau, at the mouth of the Binaturi River. The type locality is probably in correct and O’Shea & Kaiser suggest it was rather 400 km to the north of Katau, in the Upper Fly River region).  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: ZMB 23948
Holotype: AMNH 57512 from Palmer Junction, Fly River, Western Province [angusticinctus] 
DiagnosisUnfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data to their customers. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions or comparisons (about 924 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentVenomous!

Habitat: fossorial (digging)

Behavior: diurnal

Type species: Ultrocalamus preussi STERNFELD 1913: 388 is the type species of the genus Ultrocalamus STERNFELD 1913, now a synonym of Toxicocalamus. 
EtymologyNamed after the Polish-born German naturalist Paul Preuss (1861-1926), who collected the holotype. 
References
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Bogert, Charles M.;Matalas, Bessie L. 1945. Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 53. A review of the Elapid genus Ultrocalamus of New Guinea. American Museum Novitates (1284): 1-8 - get paper here
  • Brischoux F, Pizzatto L, Shine R. 2010. Insights into the adaptive significance of vertical pupil shape in snakes. J Evol Biol. 23(9): 1878-85. - get paper here
  • Kraus, Fred 2009. NEW SPECIES OF TOXICOCALAMUS (SQUAMATA: ELAPIDAE) FROM PAPUA NEW GUINEA. Herpetologica 65 (4): 460 - get paper here
  • McDowell, Samuel B. 1969. Toxicocalamus, a New Guinea genus of snakes of the family Elapidae. Journal of Zoology, London 159: 443-511 - get paper here
  • O’Shea M and Kaiser H. 2018. Erroneous Environs or Aberrant Activities? Reconciling Unexpected Collection Localities for Three New Guinea Worm-eating Snakes (Toxicocalamus, Serpentes, Elapidae) Using Historical Accounts. Herpetological Review 49 (2): 189–207 - get paper here
  • O’Shea, Mark; Allen Allison, Hinrich Kaiser 2018. The taxonomic history of the enigmatic Papuan snake genus Toxicocalamus (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae), with the description of a new species from the Managalas Plateau of Oro Province, Papua New Guinea, and a revised dichotomous key. Amphibia-Reptilia 39 (4): 403-433 - get paper here
  • O’Shea, Mark; Fred Parker, and Hinrich Kaiser 2015. A New Species of New Guinea Worm-Eating Snake, Genus Toxicocalamus (Serpentes: Elapidae), From the Star Mountains of Western Province, Papua New Guinea, With a Revised Dichotomous Key to the Genus. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 161 (6): 241-264. - get paper here
  • O’Shea,M. 1996. A Guide to the Snakes of Papua New Guinea. Independent Publishing, Port Moresby, xii + 239 pp. - get paper here
  • Sternfeld, R. 1913. Beiträge zur Schlangenfauna Neuguineas und der benachbarten Inselgruppen. Sber. Ges. naturf. Berlin 1913: 384-388
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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