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Toxicocalamus vertebralis KRAUS, KAISER & O’SHEA, 2022

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Higher TaxaElapidae (Hydrophiinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Striped forest snake 
SynonymToxicocalamus vertebralis KRAUS, KAISER & O'SHEA 2022 
DistributionPapua New Guinea (Madang Province, Schrader and Bismarck Ranges at the eastern end of the Central Highlands of Papua New Guinea, the vicinity of Wau, Morobe Province, and the Star Mountains, at elevations from 1170–1880 m)

Type locality: Fungoi, Kaironk Valley, 5.33°S, 144.42°E, elevation 1800 m, Schrader Range, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.  
Reproduction 
TypesHolotype. AMS R23072, an adult female collected by Harold G. Cogger in December 1964.
Paratypes (n=18). Papua New Guinea: Madang Province: same locality as holotype, AMS R23068–69, R23071, R23073; Kaironk Valley, 5.23°S, 144.48°E, elev. 1850 m, UPNG 963–67, 3353, 5012; Kalne River, 5.53°S, 144.82°E, elev. 1200 m, UPNG 8695; Morobe Province: Wau, 7.33°S, 146.71°E, elev. 1070 m, KU 129086; ridge between Aseki and No. 1 Watut Valley, ca. 30 km W Wau, 7.33°S, 146.17°E, elev. ca. 2000 m, BPBM 6497; Western Highlands Province: Kol, Jimi Valley, 5.70°S, 144.84°E, elev. 1500 m, CAS 140042; Baiyer River, 5.53°S, 144.16°E, elev. 1170 m, AMS R16575, R16581; Sandaun Province: Busilmin, 4.92°S, 141.14°E, elev. 1880 m, SAMA 6275. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: “A large member of the T. loriae Group (known male SVL up to 565 mm, known female SVL up to 685 mm) with the following unique combination of characters: body length sexually dimorphic (t10 = 2.3826, p = 0.0192); two scales covering vent; three infralabials contacting first genial; a single intergenial between posterior genials, widest posteriorly; preocular contacting nasal (81%) or not (19%), not contacting internasal; relatively long snout (SNL/SNW mean = 1.07, range = 0.95–1.18); relatively large eye (EY/SNL mean = 0.21, range = 0.16– 0.28); two postoculars; usually three (74%) posterior temporals; ventral scale count sexually dimorphic with overlap (t17 = 4.7511, p < 0.0001), 194–210 in nine males, 203–232 in nine females and a female embryo; subcaudals 39–52 in males, 31–38 in females, sexually dimorphic without overlap; SCR sexually dimorphic without overlap, 16.7–20.5% in males, 12.8–14.8% in females; adult females with much shorter tails than adult males, TLR 13.3–17.1% in adult males, 6.5–10.7% in adult females; pale parietal blotch absent; pale markings on prefrontals absent (95%) or vague (5%); tail spine white, paler than remainder of tail; and venter uniform ly yellow.” (Kraus et al. 2022)


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Comment 
EtymologyNamed after the vertebral stripe that distinguishes this species from most other Toxicocalamus. 
References
  • Kraus, F., Kaiser, H., & O’Shea, M. 2022. Hidden diversity in semi-fossorial Melanesian forest snakes: A revision of the Toxicocalamus loriae complex (Squamata, Elapidae) from New Guinea. Vertebrate Zoology, 72, 997-1034 - get paper here
 
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