Toxicocalamus nymani (LÖNNBERG, 1900)
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Toxicocalamus nymani
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| Higher Taxa | Elapidae (Hydrophiinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes) |
| Subspecies | |
| Common Names | E: Loria forest snake |
| Synonym | Pseudapistocalamus nymani LÖNNBERG 1900 Apisthocalamus nymani — BOULENGER 1908 Pseudapisthocalamus nymani – BOULENGER 1908: 249 Pseudapistocalamus nymani – DE ROOIJ 1917: 263 Pseudapistocalamus nymani — WERNER 1924: 45 Pseudapistocalamus nymanni – KLEMMER 1963: 328. Apistocalamus pratti – MCDOWELL 1967: 537 (part) Toxicocalamus nymani — KRAUS et al. 2022: 1011 |
| Distribution | Papua New Guinea (southern versant of the Owen Stanley Range of Papua New Guinea, from Tapini, Central Province, in the north to Mt. Dayman, Milne Bay Province, in the south, at elevations from 620–1530 m; elevation ~4000 feet). Type locality: Morobe Province: Sattelberg |
| Reproduction | oviparous |
| Types | Holotype: BMNH 1946.1.14.54, collected by Erik Nyman in 1899. |
| Diagnosis | Diagnosis: “A modestly sized member of the T. loriae Group (maximum SVL in males 422 mm, in females 540 mm) with the following unique combination of characters: two scales covering vent; three infralabials contacting anterior genial; posterior genials entirely separated (45%) by a single intergenial or in anterior (53%) or entire (2%) contact with each other; intergenial usually widest posteriorly or centrally. Preocular approximately as long as wide and never twice as long as wide, usually contacting nasal (94%), not contacting internasal; one (4%) or two (96%) postoculars; one (1%), two (69%), three (27%), four (1%), or five (1%) posterior temporals; 178–198 ventrals in 18 males, 191–210 in 22 females, sexually dimorphic with overlap (t37 = 4.9581, p < 0.00001); 39–48 subcaudals in males, 26–37 in females, sexually dimorphic without overlap; SCR 17.5–20.7% in males, 11.6–15.8% in females, sexually dimorphic without overlap; yellow nuchal collar and yellow markings on prefrontals absent (48%), small or vaguely developed (7%), or present (45%); tail spine paler than remainder of tail; venter uniformly dark brown or dark brown with the posterior of each ventral paler brown or yellowish brown, giving a banded appearance (reported as “blackish brown, edged with light grey” within one year of preservation; Lönnberg 1900).” (Kraus et al. 2022: 1012) |
| Comment | Habitat: fossorial (digging) Behavior: diurnal Venomous! Type species: Apistocalamus loriae BOULENGER 1898 is the type species of the genus Apistocalamus BOULENGER 1898: 705. Conservation status: least concern; this is the most common Toxicocalamus species with 66% of all museum specimens belonging to this species. However, O’Shea et al. 2015 believes that this variable species represents a species complex. Taxonomy: Strickland et al. (2016) document at least five undescribed species that all key morphologically to Toxicocalamus loriae. |
| Etymology | Named after Swedish botanist Erik Nyman (1866–1900), the collector of the holotype. |
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