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Toxicodryas adamantea GREENBAUM, ALLEN, VAUGHAN, PAUWELS, WALLACH, KUSAMBA, MUNINGA, ARIS-TOTE, MALI, BADJEDJEA, PENNER, RÖDEL, RIVERA, STERKHOVA, JOHNSON, TAPONDJOU & BROWN, 2021

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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common Names 
SynonymToxicodryas adamanteus GREENBAUM, ALLEN, VAUGHAN, PAUWELS, WALLACH, KUSAMBA, MUNINGA, ARIS-TOTE, MALI, BADJEDJEA, PENNER, RÖDEL, RIVERA, STERKHOVA, JOHNSON, TAPONDJOU & BROWN 2021
Toxicodryas adamantea — BADJEDJEA et al. 2023
Toxicodryas adamantea — PAUWELS & COLYN 2023
Toxicodryas adamanteus — TRAPE 2023: 722 
DistributionDemocratic Republic of Congo (Katanga [Zaire]): Equateur Province, Equatorial Guinea

Type locality: Npenda village, NE of Lake Tumba (00.7465° S, 18.2243° E, 311 m), Equateur Province, DRC  
Reproduction 
TypesHolotype. UTEP 22204 (field no. ELI 2213; Figs. 8, 12–13), adult male, collected by local Twa people and brought to Eli Greenbaum, Chifundera Kusamba, Wandege M. Muninga, and Mwenebatu M. Aristote on 8 July 2013.
Paratopotype. UTEP 22203 (field no. ELI 2212) adult female with same collection details as the holotype.
Paratype. RBINS 2699 (formerly RBINS 9127) (field no. Paul Leloup #26), adult female from Région Tsha- bondo (2.690861° S, 27.341972° E), South Kivu Province, DRC, collected by Paul Leloup on 11 October 1958. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: A species of Toxicodryas restricted to West, Central and East Africa, east of the Niger Delta, defined by the following combination of characters: maximum SVL < 1 meter (vs. maximum SVL > 1 meter in T. blandingii and T. vexator sp. nov.), DSRN 18–23 (vs. 23–25 in T. blandingii and 23–29 in T. vexator sp. nov.), DSRM 18–21 (vs. 21–25 in T. blandingii and T. vexator sp. nov.); cloacal plate undivided (vs. usually divided in T. blandingii, and divided or undivided in T. vexator sp. nov.); both sexes brown to pink with darker cross-bars that often enclose a whitish spot, and the dorsum and venter sprinkled with fine dark brown or black spots (vs. adult males glossy or velvety black with a yellow venter, and adult females light brown, gray, or yellowish-brown with light-brown or cream cross-bars on the flanks, with yellowish-brown venters in T. blandingii and T. vexator sp. nov.); hemipenis relatively long with long spines mid-way along the shaft that decrease in size towards the apex and base, with a domed apex (vs. hemipenis relatively short and massive [i.e., broad], proximal third covered with spines, distal two-thirds dimpled with a flattened apex in T. blandingii and T. vexator sp. nov.) (GREENBAUM et al. 2021).


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CommentFor further references see Greenbaum et al. 2021 (not provided upon request). 
EtymologyThe specific epithet adamanteus is a Latin adjective referring to the diamond-shaped marks on the flanks and dorsum of this species. 
References
  • Badjedjea, G., Akuboy, J. B., Colyn, M., & Pauwels, O. S. 2023. Reptile Fauna of Kungulu and Mbiye Islands, Upper Congo River: Current Knowledge and New Records. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society, 58(1), 1-11 - get paper here
  • Gonwouo, Nono LeGrand; Tchassem Fonkwa Arnaud Marius, Doherty-Bone Thomas, Rödel Mark-Oliver 2021. Amphibian and reptiles of a proposed iron ore mining concession in southern Cameroon. Herpetology Notes 14: 1051-1065
  • Greenbaum, E., Allen, K. E., Vaughan, E. R., Pauwels, O. S., Wallach, V. A. N., Kusamba, C., ... & Brown, R. M. 2021. Night stalkers from above: A monograph of Toxicodryas tree snakes (Squamata: Colubridae) with descriptions of two new cryptic species from Central Africa. Zootaxa 4965 (1): 1-44 - get paper here
  • Pauwels, O. S., & Colyn, M. 2023. On a Collection of Snakes from Bengamisa, Right Bank of the Congo River, Northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society, 58(6), 81-92
  • SÁNCHEZ-VIALAS, A., CALVO-REVUELTA, M. & DE LA RIVA, I. 2022. Synopsis of the terrestrial Reptiles of Equatorial Guinea. Zootaxa 5202 (1): 1-197 - get paper here
  • Spawls, Stephen; Tomáš Mazuch & Abubakr Mohammad 2023. Handbook of Amphibians and Reptiles of North-east Africa. Bloomsbury, 640 pp. - get paper here
  • Trape, J.-F. 2023. Guide des serpents d’Afrique occidentale, centrale et d’Afrique du Nord. IRD Éditions, Marseille, 896 pp.
 
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