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Trachischium fuscum (BLYTH, 1855)

IUCN Red List - Trachischium fuscum - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaColubridae (Natricinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Blackbelly Worm-eating Snake
G: Darjeeling-Wurmnatter 
SynonymCalamaria fusca BLYTH 1855: 288
Calamaria obscuro-striata BLYTH 1854: 288 (fide SMITH 1943)
Trachischium rugosum GÜNTHER 1858 (fide GÜNTHER 1860, SMITH 1943)
Trachischium fuscum — GÜNTHER 1860
Ablabes fuscus — ANDERSON 1872: 392
Trachischium fuscum — BOULENGER 1893: 297
Ablabes gilgiticus ANNANDALE 1905 (fide WALL 1909)
Eminophis lineolata WERNER 1924: 55 (fide SMITH 1928)
Trachischium fuscum — SMITH 1943: 322
Trachischium fusca — DAS 1996: 59
Trachischium fuscum — WALLACH et al. 2014: 734 
DistributionNepal, India (Jammu & Kashmir, northern West Bengal, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Assam, eastern Arunachal Pradesh), Bhutan

Type locality: Darjeeling

obscurostriata: Yangon (Myanmar), probably erroneous (Dowling & Jenner, 1988).  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesLectotype: ZSI 7044; paralectotypes: ZSI 7043, 7045–53, type lost (fide KRAMER 1977, although he only says "Typus", hence not clear if he meant all types)
Holotype: ZSI14289 [giligiticus]
Holotype: NMW 23456 [lineolata]
Syntype: ZSI 7042, “Rangoon” (now Yangon, Myanmar) [obscurostriata]
Holotype: BMNH 1946.1.12.40 [rugosum] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (genus): “Maxillary teeth 18 to 20, subequal. Head not distinct from neck; eye moderate, with rounded or vertically sub-elliptic pupil; nostril between two nasals, forwards and outwards; body cylindrical; scales smooth, keeled in the sacral region, in 13 or 15 rows throughout, without apical pits; ventrals rounded; tail short, subcaudals paired.
Common characters, unless otherwise stated: Rostral as broad as high, or a little broader than high; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal twice or nearly twice as broad as the supraoculars, much shorter than the parietals; loreal twice as long as high; 1 preocular; 1 long anterior temporal; 6 supralabials, 1st smallest, 6th largest, 3rd and 4th touching the eye; 4 infralabial in contact with the anterior genials; anal undivided; hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column.” (from Smith 1943)


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CommentSynonymy partly after Wallach 1988, Amphibia-Reptilia 9: 62, and Raha et al. 2018 (who discuss most synonyms in more detail). Günther synonymized C. obscurostriata under T. fuscum which was confirmed by Raha et al. 2018.

Distribution: Possibly in Bhutan (Lenz 2012).

Type species: Calamaria fusca BLYTH 1854: 288 is the type species of the genus Trachischium GÜNTHER 1858. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin fusca, fuscus, fuscum = dark, blackish, for its dark color. 
References
  • Anderson, J. 1871. On some Indian reptiles. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1871: 149-211 - get paper here
  • Anderson, J. 1872. On some Persian, Himalayan, and other Reptiles. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1872: 371-404 - get paper here
  • Athreya, R. 2006. Eaglenest Biodiversity Project (2003 – 2006): Conservation resources for Eaglenest wildlife sanctuary. Kaati Trust, Pune, 196 pp. - get paper here
  • Basfore, B., Kalita, M. J., Sharma, N., & Boro, A. R. 2024. An updated checklist of snakes (Reptilia: Squamata) in northeastern India derived from a review of recent literature. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 16(11), 26131-26149 - get paper here
  • Blyth, EDWARD. 1855. Notices and descriptions of various reptiles, new or little known [part 2]. J. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, Calcutta, 23 (3): 287-302 [1854] - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. London (Taylor & Francis), 448 pp. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, George A. 1890. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. Taylor & Francis, London, xviii, 541 pp. - get paper here
  • Constable, JOHN D. 1949. Reptiles from the Indian Peninsula in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 103: 59-160. - get paper here
  • Gemel, R.; G. Gassner & S. Schweiger 2019. Katalog der Typen der Herpetologischen Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien – 2018. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B 121: 33–248 - get paper here
  • Günther, A. 1858. Catalogue of Colubrine snakes of the British Museum. London, I - XVI, 1 - 281 - get paper here
  • Kästle , W., Rai, K. & Schleich, H.H. 2013. FIELD GUIDE to Amphibians and Reptiles of Nepal. ARCO-Nepal e.V., 625 pp. - get paper here
  • Koirala, B. K. 2023. Confirmation of Trachischium tenuiceps and Trachischium fuscum (Serpentes: Colubridae: Natricinae) from Bhutan. Reptiles & Amphibians, 30(1), e18136-e18136 - get paper here
  • Kramer, E. 1977. Zur Schlangenfauna Nepals. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 84 (3): 721-761. - get paper here
  • Lenz, Norbert 2012. Von Schmetterlingen und Donnerdrachen - Natur und Kultur in Bhutan. Karlsruher Naturhefte 4, Naturkundemuseum Karlsruhe, 124 pp.
  • Nanhoe, L.M.R., & Ouboter, P.E. 1987. The distribution of reptiles and amphibians in the Annapurna-Dhaulagiri region (Nepal). Zoologische Verhandelingen (240): 1-105 - get paper here
  • O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here
  • RAHA, SUJOY; SUNANDAN DAS, PROBHAT BAG, SUDIPTA DEBNATH, KOUSIK PRAMANICK 2018. Description of a new species of genus Trachischium with a redescription of Trachischium fuscum (Serpentes: Colubridae: Natricinae). Zootaxa 4370 (5): 549-561 - get paper here
  • Sharma, R. C. 2004. Handbook Indian Snakes. AKHIL BOOKS, New Delhi, 292 pp.
  • Smith, M.A. 1928. The status of some recently described genera and species of snakes. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 1: 494-496 - get paper here
  • Smith, M.A. 1943. The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. 3 (Serpentes). Taylor and Francis, London. 583 pp.
  • Swan, L.W., & Leviton, A.E. 1962. The herpetology of Nepal: a history, check list, and zoogeographical analysis of the herpetofauna. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 32 (6) (4.s.): 103-147. - get paper here
  • Uetz, Peter; Tapil Prakash Rai, Ruma Thapa, Barbara Lester & Paul Freed 2022. Herpetologische Reise nach Nepal. [A Herpetological trip to Nepal] Sauria 44 (4): 3-31 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Wallach,V. 1988. Status and redescription of the genus Padangia Werner, with comparative visceral data on Collorhabdium Smedley and other genera (Serpentes: Colubridae). Amphibia-Reptilia 9: 61-76 - get paper here
  • Werner, F. 1924. Neue oder wenig bekannte Schlangen aus dem Naturhistorischen Staatsmuseum in Wien. l. Teil. Sitzungsb. Ber. Akad. Wiss., Wien, Abt. l, 133: 29 - 56 - get paper here
 
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