Trachylepis homalocephala (WIEGMANN, 1828)

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Higher Taxa	Scincidae, Mabuyinae (Mabuyini), Scincoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: Red-Sided Skink
Synonym	Scincus homolocephalus [sic] WIEGMANN 1828: 374 Lacerta barbara LINNAEUS 1754 Scincus homolocephalus — GRAY 1831 Tiliqua homolocephalus — GRAY 1831 (fide BAUER 2000: 58) Mabuya maculata (GRAY 1845) Euprepes depressus PETERS 1854: 618 Mabuia homalocephala — BOULENGER 1887: 170 Mabuya peringueyi BOULENGER 1888: 139 Mabuya punctata — ANDERSON 1900 Mabuia homalocephala smithi — HEWITT 1926: 474 Mabuya homalocephala smithii — FITZSIMONS 1943: 210 Mabuya homalocephala smithii — BRANCH & HANEKOM 1987 Mabuya homalocephala — BRANCH 1998: 153 Mabuya homalocephala — GREER et al. 2000 Euprepis homalocephalus — MAUSFELD et al. 2002 Trachylepis homalocephala — BAUER 2003 Trachylepis homalocephala peringueyi — WEINELL et al. 2019
Distribution	Republic of South Africa (Cape Province, Natal, Zululand), C Mozambique, Namibia Type locality: “South Africa”
Reproduction	ovovivparous
Types	Holotype: ZMB 1239, Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, collected by L.E. Krebs.
Diagnosis
Comment	Subspecies: Mabuya homalocephala depressa (PETERS 1854) has been raised to full species status. Trachylepis homalocephala peringueyi may be a valid (sub-) species fide WEINELL et al. 2019 but more studies are needed. Distribution not yet fixed for raise! Synonymy: BOULENGER (1887) corrected the original spelling and was followed by virtually all subsequent authors. Mabuya punctata (GRAY) is a junior homonym of Tiliqua punctata GRAY. Mabuya maculata (GRAY 1845) is the next availabe name for M. punctata GRAY (Anderson 1900). Lygosoma punctatum LINNAEUS 1758 was missaplied and would require the setting aside of the Linnean types for a neotype conspecific with the form L. punctatum. The next available name is Lacerta interpunctata Gmelin 1789. Andersons action was not followed by any subsequent author. Reaxamination of Linnean syntype of Lacerta aurata determined this to be T. homalocephala (MORAVEC et al. 2006).
References	BATES, M. F. 2018. Trachylepis homalocephala (Wiegmann, 1828). African Herp News (68): 52-53 - get paper here Bates, M.F.; Branch, W.R., Bauer, A.M.; Burger, M., Marais, J.; Alexander, G.J. & de Villliers, M.S. (eds.) 2014. Atlas and Red List of the Reptiles of South Africa, Lesotho, and Swaziland. Suricata 1. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 512 pp. Bauer, A.M. 2000. Comments on the types and type localities of South African reptiles collected by Heinrich Bergius and Ludwig Krebs. African Journal of Herpetology 49:53-60 - get paper here Bauer, A.M. 2003. On the identity of Lacerta punctata Linnaeus, 1758, the type species of the genus Euprepis Wagler, 1830, and the generic assignment of Afro-Malagasy skinks. African Journal of Herpetology 52:1-7. - get paper here Bauer, A.M., Shea, G.M., and Günther, R. 2003. An annotated catalogue of the types of scincid lizards (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae) in the collection of the Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (ZMB). Zoologische Reihe. Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin 79:253-321 - get paper here Boulenger, G. A. 1887. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) III. Lacertidae, Gerrhosauridae, Scincidae, Anelytropsidae, Dibamidae, Chamaeleontidae. London: 575 pp. - get paper here Boulenger,G.A. 1888. On new or little known South African reptiles. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 2: 136-141 - get paper here Branch W. R.; Haagner, G.V. 1993. The skink Mabuya ivensii: new records from Zambia and Zaire, and the status of the subspecies septemlineata Laurent 1964 and the genus Lubuya Horton. Amphibia-Reptilia 14 (2): 105-115 - get paper here Branch, W. R. 1998. Field Guide to the Snakes and Other Reptiles of Southern Africa. 3rd ed. Fully Revised and Updated to Include 83 New Species. Ralph Curtis Books (Sanibel Island, Florida), 399 pp. Branch, William R. & Hanekom, N. 1989. The herpetofauna of the Tsitsikamma Coastal and Forest National Parks. Koedoe (Pretoria), 30 (1987): 49-60. - get paper here Broadley, D.G. 2000. A review of the genus Mabuya in southeastern Africa (Sauria: Scincidae). African Journal of Herpetology, 49 (2): 87-110 - get paper here Conradie, Werner; Brian Reeves , Neil Brown, & Jan A. Venter 2016. Herpetofauna of the Oviston, Commando Drift and Tsolwana nature reserves in the arid interior of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Indago 32: 81-98 - get paper here FitzSimons, V.F. 1943. The lizards of South Africa. Transvaal Museum Memoir No.1 (Pretoria), 528 pp. Fraser M. 2023. Reptiles and Amphibians of the Cape of Good Hope Nature Reserve, Western Cape, South Africa. Biodiversity Observations 13: 162–185. 14 March 2023 - get paper here Greer, A.E., Arnold, C. & Arnold, E.N. 2000. The systematic significance of the number of presacral vertebrae in the scincid lizard genus Mabuya. Amphibia-Reptilia 21 (1): 121-126 - get paper here Haagner, G.V. 1994. Geographical Distribution - Mabuya homalocephala smithii. African Herp News (21): 24-25 - get paper here Haagner, G.V.; Branch, W.R.; Hall, R. 1993. Life History Notes - Mabuya homalocephala smithii. J. Herp. Assoc. Africa (42): 36-36 - get paper here Herrmann, H.-W.; W.R. Branch 2013. Fifty years of herpetological research in the Namib Desert and Namibia with an updated and annotated species checklist. Journal of Arid Environments 93: 94–115 - get paper here Hewitt, J. 1926. Some new or little-known reptiles and batrachians from South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 20: 473—490 Mausfeld, Patrick; Andreas SCHMITZ; Wolfgang BÖHME; Bernhard MISOF; Davor VRCIBRADIC; Carlos Frederico Duarte ROCHA 2002. Phylogenetic Affinities of Mabuya atlantica Schmidt, 1945, Endemic to the Atlantic Ocean Archipelago of Fernando de Noronha (Brazil): Necessity of Partitioning the Genus Mabuya Fitzinger, 1826 (Scincidae: Lygosominae). Zool. Anz. 241: 281–293 - get paper here Mausfeld,P.; Vences, M. Schmitz, A. & Veith, M. 2000. First data on the molecular phylogeography of scincid lizards of the genus Mabuya. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 17 (1): 11-14 - get paper here Moravec, Jiří; Michael Franzen & Wolfgang Böhme 2006. Notes on the taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution of the Trachylepis (formerly Mabuya) aurata (Linnaeus, 1758) complex. Herpetologica Bonnensis II: 89-93 - get paper here Peters,W.C.H. 1854. Diagnosen neuer Batrachier, welche zusammen mit der früher (24. Juli und 17. August) gegebenen Übersicht der Schlangen und Eidechsen mitgetheilt werden. Ber. Bekanntmach. Geeignet. Verhandl. Königl.-Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854: 614-628 Reeves, B., Brooke, C. F., Venter, J. A., & Conradie, W. 2022. The Reptiles and Amphibians of the Mpofu-Fort Fordyce Nature Reserve Complex in the Winterberg Mountains, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. African Journal of Wildlife Research, 52(1) - get paper here Venter, Jan A.; Werner Conradie 2015. A checklist of the reptiles and amphibians found in protected areas along the South African Wild Coast, with notes on conservation implications. Koedoe 57 (1): 1-25. doi: 10.4102/koedoe.v57i1.1247 - get paper here Weinell, J. L., Branch, W. R., Colston, T. J., Jackman, T. R., Kuhn, A., Conradie, W., & Bauer, A. M. 2019. A species-level phylogeny of Trachylepis (Scincidae: Mabuyinae) provides insight into their reproductive mode evolution. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution - get paper here Wiegmann,A.F.A. 1828. Beyträge zur Amphibienkunde. Isis von Oken 21 (4): 364-383 - get paper here
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information http://www.biodiversityexplorer.org/reptiles/squamata/scincidae… http://www.biol.lu.se/zooekologi/jon/herpbild/hb83.htm Google images

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