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Trapelus sanguinolentus (PALLAS, 1814)

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Higher TaxaAgamidae (Agaminae), Sauria, Iguania, Squamata (lizards)
SubspeciesTrapelus sanguinolentus aralensis (LICHTENSTEIN 1823)
Trapelus sanguinolentus sanguinolentus (PALLAS 1827) 
Common NamesE: Steppe Agama
G: Steppenagame
Russian: Степная агама
Chinese: 草原蜥 
SynonymLacerta sanguinolenta PALLAS 1814: 23
Agama Sanguinolenta — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1851
Agama sanguinolenta — BOULENGER 1885: 343
Agama agilis sanguinolenta — WERMUTH 1967: 6
Agama sanguinolenta — LANGERWERF 1979
Agama sanguinolenta — ORLOWA 1981
Trapelus sanguinolentus — ENGELMANN et al 1993
Trapelus sanguinolentus — MANTHEY & SCHUSTER 1999: 106
Trapelus agilis sanguinolentus — SINDACO & JEREMČENKO 2008
Trapelus agilis sanguinolentus — RASTEGAR-POUYANI et al. 2008
Trapelus agilis sanguinolentus — NASRABADI et al. 2017

Trapelus sanguinolentus aralensis (LICHTENSTEIN 1823)
Agama aralensis LICHTENSTEIN 1823: 144
Trapelus aralensis — EVERSMANN 1834: 366
Agama aralensis — MERTENS & MÜLLER 1940
Trapelus sanguinolentus aralensis — DAVLETBAKOV et al. 2016
Trapelus sanguinolentus aralensis — SHESTOPAL et al. 2021 
DistributionSoviet Union, Russia (Dagestan), E Caucasus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, SW Tajikistan, E shore of Caspian Sea eastward to E Kazakhstan and southward to N Iran and N Afghanistan, NW China (W Xinjiang)

aralensis: Turkmenistan; Type locality: “in dem ganzen Strich östlich vom Aralsee”. Kazakhstan (LAMBERT 2002).

Type locality: Terek River Valley. “Hügelland Kum-Ankatar am Terek-Fluss, Kaukasien” (fide WERMUTH 1967).  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: unlocated (Anderson 1999, Lizards of Iran)
Syntypes: ZMB 753, ZMB 754 (missing), ZMB 755, ZMB 756, ZMB 757, ZMB 758, ZMB 54811-12 (was ZMB 758 part), "Aralsee", leg. Eversmann [aralensis] 
Diagnosis 
CommentSynonymy: Has been synonymized with Trapelus agilis by Rastegar-Pouyani 1998. Shahamat et al. 2020 found paraphyly within Trapelus sanguinolentus and T. agilis which requires fundamental revision.

History: The year of PALLAS’ description is sometimes given as “1827” and sometimes as “1814”. For the publication date of Pallas 1814 (vs. 1831) see ICZN Opinion 212.

Distribution: See map in SMID et al. 2014 for distribution in Iran. 
EtymologyProbably named after Latin sanguis (“blood”) +‎ -eus, for "of or relating to blood" or "bloody" or "bloodred", a reference to the color of species, which is sometimes reddish on the ventral side or shows reddish spots on the dorsum. 
References
  • Ananjeva, N. & Orlov, N. 2005. Lizards of North Eurasia. Reptilia (GB) (38): 54-63 - get paper here
  • Ananjeva, Natalia B. 2012. Research on Asian Agamid Lizards: Contribution of Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. Russ. J. Herpetol. 19 (2): 85-100 - get paper here
  • ANANJEVA, Natalia B.; Xianguang GUO and Yuezhao WANG 2011. Taxonomic Diversity of Agamid Lizards (Reptilia, Sauria, Acrodonta, Agamidae) from China: A Comparative Analysis. Asian Herpetological Research 2 (3): 117-128 - get paper here
  • Bondarenko D. A., Peregontsev E. A. 2018. REPTILE COMMUNITIES OF THE KARAKALPAKIAN USTYURT (UZBEKISTAN). Current Studies in Herpetology 18 (1-2): 13 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. Geckonidae, Eublepharidae, Uroplatidae, Pygopodidae, Agamidae. London: 450 pp. - get paper here
  • Brushko, Z.K. 1995. Lizards of desert regions of Kazakhstan. [in Russian] Kazakhstan National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Zoology, Almaty, 232 pp.
  • CHIRIKOVA, M. A., Y. A. ZIMA, M. V. PESTOV, AND V. A. TERENTYEV 2020. Biodiversity of the Herpetofauna of the Muyunkum Desert, Kazakhstan. Herpetological Review 51: 438-446.
  • Davletbakov, A. T.; L. A. Kustareva, D. A. Milko, A. N. Ostastshenko, S. S. Sagymbaev, S. A. Toropov, N. V. Trotchenko 2015. Genetical Fund Cadastre of Kyrgyz Republic. Vol. IV. Phylum Chordata (chordates). Bishkek, 128 p. + XXXVI color tables - get paper here
  • Dujsebayeva, T. N. (ed.) 2010. Short review of last changes in the checklist of amphibians and reptiles of Kazakhstan. [in Russian]. In: Dujsebayeva, T. N. (ed.) Herpetological Researches in Kazakhstan and adjacent countries, p. 37-52
  • Dunaev E.A., Orlova V.F. 2017. Amphibians and reptiles of Russia. Atlas and determination. 2nd. ed. Moscow: Phyton XXI, 328 p
  • Engelmann, W.E. et al. 1993. Lurche und Kriechtiere Europas. Neumann Verlag (Radebeul, Germany), 440 pp.
  • Eversmann,E. 1834. Lacertae Imperii Rossici variis in itineribus meis observatae. [Lacerta sylvicola]. Nouv. Mém. Soc. imp. Natur. (Moscow) 3: 339-358 - get paper here
  • ICZN 1954. OPINION 212: DESIGNATION OF THE DATES TO BE ACCEPTED AS THE DATES OF PUBLICATION OF THE SEVERAL VOLUMES OF PALLAS (P.S.), "ZOOGRAPHIA ROSSO-ASIATICA". Opinions and declarations rendered by the ICZN 4 (2): 15-24
  • Joisten, F. 2013. Amphibien und Reptilien in Nord-Afghanistan. Reptilia (Münster) 18 (103): 86-93 - get paper here
  • Kabisch, K. & Belter, H. 1968. Das Verzehren von Amphibien und Reptilien durch Vögel. Zoologische Abhandlungen aus dem Staatlichen Museum für Tierkunde in Dresden 29: 191-227
  • Kamali, Kamran 2020. A Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Iran. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (www.chimaira.de). 574 pp.
  • Langerwerf, B. 1979. De herpetofauna van Oezbekistan (2). Lacerta 37 (9): 152 - get paper here
  • Leviton, Alan E. 1959. Report on a collection of reptiles from Afghanistan. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 29 (12): 445-463 - get paper here
  • Lichtenstein 1823. Amphibien. in: Evermann, Reise nach Buchara: 144. - get paper here
  • Macey, J. R., J. A. Schulte II, A. Larson, N. B. Ananjeva, Y. Wang, R. Pethiyagoda, N. Rastegar-Pouyani, T. J. Papenfuss 2000. Evaluating trans-Tethys migration: an example using acrodont lizard phylogenetics. Systematic Biology 49 (2): 233-256 - get paper here
  • Manthey,U. & SCHUSTER,N. 1999. Agamen, 2. Aufl. Natur und Tier Verlag (Münster), 120 pp. - get paper here
  • Mertens, R., and L. Müller. 1940. Liste der Amphibien und Reptilien Europas. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft. Frankfurt am Main. 451: 1-62 - get paper here
  • Mishagina J.V. 1992. Mishagina J.V. Food connections of steppe agama (Trapelus sanguinolentus, Agamidae) in black saxaul groves of the Repetek reserve (Eastern Kara Kum). Izv. AN Turkmen. Ser. Biol.Nauk, 1992, No 5: 25-33 [in Russian].
  • Mishagina J.V. 1992. Food connections of lizards in haloxylon groves of the Repetek reserve. Probl. osvoenya pustyn, 1992, No 6: 46-62 [in Russian]
  • Novák, Karel; Petr Velenský, Oldrich Kopecký 2020. Signaling, Agonistic Behavior, and Life-History Traits of Steppe Agama (Trapelus sanguinolentus) in Prague Zoo. Russian Journal of Herpetology 27 (6): 334-340 - get paper here
  • Orlowa, Walentina F. 1981. Agama sanguinolenta - Steppenagame. In: Böhme,W. (ed.), Handbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien Europas, Band I., Echsen I. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Wiesbaden, pp. 149-160
  • Pallas, P. S. 1814. Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium in extenso Imperio Rossico , et adjacentibus maribus observatorum recensionem, domicilia, mores et descriptiones, anatomen atque icones plurimorum. Vol. 3. Caesarea Academie Scientiarum; Petropoli. vii + 428 + cxxv pages. [1811-1831] - get paper here
  • Rastegar-Pouyani, N. 1998. Systematics and distribution of the Iranian species of Trapelus (Sauria: Agamidae) a review. Russ. J. Herpetol. 5 (2): - get paper here
  • RASTEGAR-POUYANI, NASRULLAH; HAJI GHOLI KAMI, MEHDI RAJABZADEH, SOHEILA SHAFIEI AND STEVEN CLEMENT ANDERSON 2008. Annotated Checklist of Amphibians and Reptiles of Iran. Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics 4 (1): 7-30
  • Roitberg, E. S., Mazanaeva, L.F., Ilyina, E. & Orlova, V.F. 2000. Die Echsen D<br>agestans (Nordkaukasus, Russland): Artenliste und aktuelle Verbreitungsdaten (Reptilia: Sauria: Gekkonidae, Agamidae, Anguidae, Scincidae et Lacertidae). Faunist. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierk. Dresden 22 (8) - get paper here
  • Shahamat A, Rastegarpouyani E, Rastegar-Pouyani N, Hosseinian Yousefkhani SS, Wink M. 2020. Molecular phylogeny and intraspecific differentiation of the Trapelus agilis species complex in Iran (Squamata: Agamidae) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences. PeerJ 8:e8295 - get paper here
  • Shestopal A. A., Shcherbina A. A. 2024. Distribution of reptiles in Northwestern Turkmenistan. [in Russian] Current Studies in Herpetology 24 (1-2): 102 - get paper here
  • Shestopal A., Amanov A., Ovezov T. 2021. An overview of reptiles from the Kaplankyr Nature Reserve and adjacent territories. [in Russian] Proc. Inst. Zool., Kazakhstan, pp. 105-126 - get paper here
  • ŠMÍD, JIŘÍ; JIŘÍ MORAVEC, PETR KODYM, LUKÁŠ KRATOCHVÍL, SEYYED SAEED HOSSEINIAN YOUSEFKHANI, ESKANDAR RASTEGAR-POUYANI & DANIEL FRYNTA 2014. Annotated checklist and distribution of the lizards of Iran. Zootaxa 3855 (1): 001–097 - get paper here
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  • Wang, Kai; Jinlong Ren, Hongman Chen, Zhitong Lyu, Xianguang Guo Ke Jiang, Jinmin Chen, Jiatang Li, Peng Guo, Yingyong Wang, Jing Che 2020. The updated checklists of amphibians and reptiles of China. Biodiversity Science 28 (2): 189-218 - get paper here
  • Yangiboyev, E. C.; Mamarakhimov, O. M., Makhmudova, M. M., Nabiev, U. A., & Karamatova, G. 2024. The diversity of reptiles in different ecological environments of mountainous parts of Kashkadarya region. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 510, p. 03012). EDP Sciences - get paper here
  • Zhao,E. & Adler,K. 1993. Herpetology of China. SSAR, Oxford/Ohio, 1-522
 
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