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Trimeresurus insularis KRAMER, 1977

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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: White-lipped island pitviper 
SynonymTrimeresurus albolabris insularis KRAMER 1977: 755
Trimeresurus viridis LACÉPÈDE 1804: 209 (nomen oblitum)
Trimeresurus insularis — GIANNASI et al. 2001
Trimeresurus insularis — KUCH 2002
Trimeresurus insularis — GUMPRECHT et al. 2004
Cryptelytrops insularis — MALHOTRA & THORPE 2004
Trimeresurus (Trimeresurus) insularis — DAVID et al. 2011
Trimeresurus insularis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 742
Trimeresurus (Trimeresurus) insularis— MIRZA et al. 2023 
DistributionIndonesia (Adonara, Alor, Bali, Flores, Komodo, Lombok, Padar, Rinca, Romang, Roti, Sumba, Sumbawa, Timor, Wetar, Java), Timor-Leste

Type locality: Soe, Timor.  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesHolotype: NMBA (= NHMB) 12773; paratypes: MHNG
Lectotype: MNHN 4057 [of Trimeresurus viridis Lacépède, 1804] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (2027 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentVenomous!

Subspecies: The subspecies insularis and septentrionalis have been raised to full species status by GIANNASI et al. (2001) based on RFLPs. I [P.U.] don’t believe that sequence polymorphisms are reliable markers for (sub-) species boundaries as they do not serve as a reliable marker for reproductive isolation.

Type species: Trimeresurus viridis LACÉPÈDE 1804 (= Trimeresurus insularis KRAMER 1977) is the type species of Trimeresurus LACÉPÈDE 1804, fide DAVID et al. 2011.

Habitat: fully arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018). 
References
  • Chandramouli SR, Campbell PD, Vogel G. 2020. A new species of green pit viper of the genus Trimeresurus Lacépède, 1804 (Reptilia: Serpentes: Viperidae) from the Nicobar Archipelago, Indian Ocean. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 14(3) [Taxonomy Section]: 169–176 (e264) - get paper here
  • CHEN, ZENING; JIANPING YU, GERNOT VOGEL, SHENGCHAO SHI, ZHAOBIN SONG, YEZHONG TANG, JIA YANG, LI DING, CANGSONG CHEN 2020. A new pit viper of the genus Trimeresurus (Lacépède, 1804) (Squamata: Viperidae) from Southwest China. Zootaxa 4768 (1): 112–128 - get paper here
  • Das, I. 2012. A Naturalist's Guide to the Snakes of South-East Asia: Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Myanmar, Borneo, Sumatra, Java and Bali. Oxford J, ohn Beaufoy Publishing - get paper here
  • DAVID, PATRICK; GERNOT VOGEL & ALAIN DUBOIS 2011. On the need to follow rigorously the Rules of the Code for the subsequent designation of a nucleospecies (type species) for a nominal genus which lacked one: the case of the nominal genus Trimeresurus Lacépède, 1804 (Reptilia: Squamata: Viperidae). Zootaxa 2992: 1–51 - get paper here
  • Giannasi NICHOLAS, THORPE ROGER S. and MALHOTRA ANITA 2001. The use of amplified fragment length polymorphism in determining species trees at fine taxonomic levels: analysis of a medically important snake, Trimeresurus albolabris. Molecular Ecology 10: 419-426 - get paper here
  • Glässer-Trobisch, Andrea & Dietmar Trobisch 2023. Bei Reisbauern in Ostjava – auf der Suche nach der Gestreiften Fischnatter (Xenochrophis vittatus). Elaphe 2023 (6): 54
  • Grismer, L. Lee; Tri, Ngo Van; Grismer, Jesse L. 2008. A new species of insular pitviper of the genus Cryptelytrops (Squamata: Viperidae) from southern Vietnam. Zootaxa 1715: 57-68 - get paper here
  • Gumprecht, A.; Tillack, F.; Orlov, N.L.; Captain, A. & Ryabow, S. 2004. Asian pitvipers. Geitje Books, Berlin, 368 pp.
  • Guo, P.; Jadin, R.C.; Malhotra, A. & Li, C. 2009. An investigation of the cranial evolution of Asian pitvipers (Serpentes: Crotalinae), with comments on the phylogenetic position of Peltopelor macrolepis. Acta Zoologica 91: 402-407 - get paper here
  • Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here
  • Kaiser, H.; C. Sanchez; S. Heacox; A. Kathriner; A.V. Ribeiro; Z.A. Soares; L.L. Araujo; S. Mecke; M. O’Shea 2013. First Report on the Herpetofauna of Ataúro Island, Timor-Leste. Check List 9 (4):752-762 - get paper here
  • KENNEDI, UMAR F.; MIRZA D. KUSRINI, ANI MARDIASTUTI, AND ACHMAD ARIEFIANDY 2021. THE AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES IN KOMODO NATIONAL PARK AND THE SURROUNDING AREA. Media Konservasi 26 (3): 217-230; DOI: 10.29244/medkon.26.3.217-230 - get paper here
  • Kramer, E. 1977. Zur Schlangenfauna Nepals. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 84 (3): 721-761. - get paper here
  • Kuch, Ulrich 2002. Records of Trimeresurus insularis Kramer, 1977 from Bali, Indonesia. Herpetozoa 15 (3/4):180-182 - get paper here
  • Laita, Mark 2013. Serpentine. Abrams and PQ Blackwell, Auckland, New Zealand, 200 unnumbered pages
  • Lang, Ruud de 2011. The Snakes of the Lesser Sunda Islands (Nusa Tenggara), Indonesia. Asian Herpetological Research 2 (1): 46-54 - get paper here
  • Lang, Ruud de 2012. Snakes of the Lesser Sunda Islands (Nusa Tenggara), Indonesia. Edition Chimaira, 349 pp. - get paper here
  • Lang, Ruud de 2013. The snakes of the Moluccas (Maluku), Indonesia. Edition Chimaira, 417 pp. - get paper here
  • Lang, Ruud de 2017. The Snakes of Java, Bali and Surrounding Islands. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, 435 pp. - get paper here
  • Malhotra, Anita & Thorpe, Roger S. 2004. A phylogeny of four mitochondrial gene regions suggests a revised taxonomy for Asian pitvipers (Trimeresurus and Ovophis). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 32: 83 –100 [erratum p. 680] - get paper here
  • Mirza ZA, H. T. Lalremsanga, Bhosale H, Gowande G, Patel H, Idiatullina SS, Poyarkov NA 2023. Systematics of Trimeresurus popeiorum Smith, 1937 with a revised molecular phylogeny of Asian pitvipers of the genus Trimeresurus Lacépède, 1804 sensu lato. Evolutionary Systematics 7(1): 91-104 - get paper here
  • O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here
  • O’SHEA, Mark; Caitlin SANCHEZ, Andrew KATHRINER, Sven MECKE, Venancio LOPES CARVALHO, Agivedo VARELA RIBEIRO, Zito AFRANIO SOARES, Luis LEMOS DE ARAUJO and Hinrich KAISER 2015. Herpetological Diversity of Timor-Leste: Updates and a Review of Species Distributions. Asian Herpetological Research 6 (2): 73–131 - get paper here
  • O’SHEA, Mark; Caitlin SANCHEZ, Scott HEACOX, Andrew KATHRINER, Venancio LOPES CARVALHO, Agivedo VARELA RIBEIRO, Zito AFRANIO SOARES, Luis LEMOS DE ARAUJO and Hinrich KAISER 2012. First Update to Herpetofaunal Records from Timor-Leste. Asian Herpetological Research 3 (2): 114–126 - get paper here
  • REILLY, SEAN B.; ALEXANDER L. STUBBS, BENJAMIN R. KARIN, EVY ARIDA,<br> DJOKO T. ISKANDAR, JIMMY A. MCGUIRE 2019. Recent and rapid colonization of the Lesser Sundas Archipelago from adjacent Sundaland by seven amphibian and reptile species. bioRxiv, posted online Mar. 9, 2019 - get paper here
  • Reilly, SB, Stubbs, AL, Karin, BR, Arida, E, Iskandar, DT, McGuire, JA. 2019. Recent colonization and expansion through the Lesser Sundas by seven amphibian and reptile species. Zoologica Scripta 48: 614– 626 - get paper here
  • Reilly, Sean B., Kristopher P. Harmon, Jimmy A. McGuire, Evy Arida, Amir Hamidy and Djoko T. Iskandar. 2016. Trimeresurus insularis (White-lipped Island Pit Viper) Foraging behavior and diet. Herpetological Review 47 (2): 318-319 - get paper here
  • SIDDIQ, A. M., WIMBANINGRUM, R., SULISTIYOWATI, H., SETIAWAN, R., SETIAWAN, A., & WAHONO, N. D. 2024. A rapid survey of herpetofauna diversity in Bama coastal forest at Baluran National Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 25(5)
  • VOGEL, GERNOT; TAN VAN NGUYEN, & PATRICK DAVID 2023. A new green pitviper of the Trimeresurus albolabris complex (Reptilia, Serpentes, Viperidae) from central and southern Myanmar. Zootaxa 5357 (4): 515–554 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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