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Trimeresurus mcgregori TAYLOR, 1919

IUCN Red List - Trimeresurus mcgregori - Data Deficient, DD
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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: McGregor's pitviper, McGregor's Tree Viper
G: Batanes-Bambusotter 
SynonymTrimeresurus mcgregori TAYLOR 1919: 110
Trimeresurus flavomaculatus mcgregori — LEVITON 1961
Trimeresurus flavomaculatus macgregori — KLEMMER 1963
Trimeresurus flavomaculatus mcgregori — WELCH 1994: 115
Trimeresurus mcgregori — GUMPRECHT 2001
Trimeresurus mcgregori — GUMPRECHT et al. 2004
Parias flavomaculatus mcgregori — MALHOTRA & THORPE 2004
Trimeresurus mcgregori — MATTISON 2007: 225
Parias mcgregori — ORLOV et al. 2009
Parias mcgregori — GUO et al. 2010
Trimeresurus (Parias) mcgregori — DAVID et al. 2011
Parias mcgregori — WALLACH et al. 2014: 538
Parias mcgregori — GUO et al. 2018
Trimeresurus (Parias) mcgregori — MIRZA et al. 2023 
DistributionPhilippines (Batan Island)

Type locality: Batan Island, Philippines.  
Reproductionoviparous (not imputed, fide Zimin et al. 2022) 
TypesNeotype: CAS 60525, designated by Leviton (1964). Holotype was BSM 748, an 865 mm specimen collected by R. C. McGregor on 12 June 1907. The holotype specimen was destroyed when the Bureau of Science Building, in Manila was destroyed during the early days of the second World War. Some years earlier a second specimen had been deposited in the collections of the California Academy of Sciences. This specimen, itself a topotype, is the one designated as neotype. On the holotype specimen's coloration, Taylor wrote,"in alcohol entire snake almost paper white with practically no trace of marking." That is also how the neotype looks like with the additional note by Leviton as, "eyes very pale, suggesting albinism." 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (2358 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentVenomous!

Conservation: one of the 30 most endangered viper species (Maritz et al. 2016).

Habitat: fully arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018). 
EtymologyNamed after Richard Crittenden McGregor (1871-1936), an Australian-born American ornithologist who collected the viper holotype (1907). At the time of his death he was Editor of the Philippine Journal of Science and Chief of the Publicity Division, Department of Agriculture and Commerce, Manila. 
References
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • DAVID, PATRICK; GERNOT VOGEL & ALAIN DUBOIS 2011. On the need to follow rigorously the Rules of the Code for the subsequent designation of a nucleospecies (type species) for a nominal genus which lacked one: the case of the nominal genus Trimeresurus Lacépède, 1804 (Reptilia: Squamata: Viperidae). Zootaxa 2992: 1–51 - get paper here
  • David,P. & Ineich,I. 1999. Les serpents venimeux du monde: systématique et répartition. Dumerilia 3: 3-499
  • Fischer, J. G. 1885. Ichthyologische und herpetologische Bemerkungen. V. Herpetologische Bemerkungen. Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst. 2: 82-121 - get paper here
  • Fischer, J. G. 1885. Ichthyologische und herpetologische Bemerkungen. Teil IV: Über eine Kollektion von Amphibien und Reptilien von Mindanao. Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst. 2: 80-81 - get paper here
  • Gaulke, M. 2001. Die Herpetofauna von Sibaliw (Panay), einem der letzten Tieflandregenwaldgebiete der West-Visayas, Philippinen. Teil II: Schlangen. Herpetofauna 23 (131): 23-34 - get paper here
  • Gaulke, M. 2006. Trimeresurus flavomaculatus. Reptilia (GB) (47): 43-46 - get paper here
  • Gaulke, M. 2006. Trimeresurus flavomaculatus (GRAY 1842) - Philippinen-Bambusotter. Reptilia (Münster) 11 (57): 51-54 - get paper here
  • Gaulke, M. & A. D. Demegillo 2008. Der Mabitang (Varanus mabitang), ein Früchte fressender Großwaran von den Philippinen. Reptilia (Münster) 13 (71): 67-74 - get paper here
  • Gray, J. E. 1842. Synopsis of the species of Rattle snakes, or Family of Crotalidae. Zoological Miscellany 2: 47- 51. - get paper here
  • Griffin, L.E. 1910. A list of snakes from the island of Polillo, P. I.,, with descriptions of a new genus ands two new species. Philippine Journal of Science 5 (4): 211-217 - get paper here
  • Gumprecht, A. 2002. Die Bambusottern der Gattung Trimeresurus Lacépède Teil V: Die philippinischen Bambusottern des Trimeresurus flavomaculatus-Komplexes II. Die Batanes-Bambusotter Trimeresurus mcgregori TAYLOR 1919. Sauria 24 (3): 31-44 - get paper here
  • Gumprecht, A.; Tillack, F.; Orlov, N.L.; Captain, A. & Ryabow, S. 2004. Asian pitvipers. Geitje Books, Berlin, 368 pp.
  • Gumprecht,A. 2001. Die Bambusottern der Gattung Trimeresurus Lacépède Teil IV: Checkliste der Trimeresurus-Arten Thailands. Sauria 23 (2): 25-32 - get paper here
  • Gumprecht,A. 2001. Die Bambusottern der Gattung Trimeresurus Lacépède Teil V: Die philippinischen Bambusottern I: Die Philippinen- oder Gelbflecken-Bambusotter Trimeresurus flavomaculatus (GRAY 1842). Sauria 23 (3): 3-14 - get paper here
  • Günther, A. 1879. List of mammals, reptiles, and batrachians sent by Mr. Everett from the Philippine Islands. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1879: 74-79 - get paper here
  • Guo, P.; Jadin, R.C.; Malhotra, A. & Li, C. 2009. An investigation of the cranial evolution of Asian pitvipers (Serpentes: Crotalinae), with comments on the phylogenetic position of Peltopelor macrolepis. Acta Zoologica 91: 402-407 - get paper here
  • Guo, Peng; Qin Liu, Guanghui Zhong, Fei Zhu, Fang Yan, Ting Tang, Rong Xiao, Min Fang, Ping Wang and Xin Fu 2015. Cryptic diversity of green pitvipers in Yunnan, South-west China (Squamata, Viperidae). Amphibia-Reptilia 36 (3): 265 - 276 - get paper here
  • Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here
  • Klemmer,K. 1963. Liste der rezenten Giftschlangen. Elapidae, Hydropheidae [sic], Viperidae und Crotalidae. In: Die Giftschlangen der Erde. Behringwerk-Mitteilungen, spec. Suppl., Marburg.
  • Klusmeyer, B. & Fausten, B. 1994. Haltung und NAchzucht der Bambusotter Trimeresurus flavomaculatus halieus. Salamandra 30 (3): 174-184 - get paper here
  • Leviton, A.E. 1964. Contributions to a review of Philippine snakes. V. The snakes of the genus Trimeresurus. Philippine J. Sci. 93: 251-276 - get paper here
  • Leviton, A.E., R.M. Brown, and C.D. Siler. 2014. The dangerously venomous snakes of the Philippine Archipelago. in The Coral Triangle: The 2011 Hearst Biodiversity Philippine Expedition (G.C. Williams and T.M. Gosliner, eds.). California Academy of Sciences, USA, Pp 473–530
  • Malhotra, Anita & Thorpe, Roger S. 2004. A phylogeny of four mitochondrial gene regions suggests a revised taxonomy for Asian pitvipers (Trimeresurus and Ovophis). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 32: 83 –100 [erratum p. 680] - get paper here
  • Maritz, Bryan; Johannes Penner, Marcio Martins, Jelka Crnobrnja-Isailović, Stephen Spear, Laura R.V. Alencar, Jesús Sigala-Rodriguez, Kevin Messenger, Rulon W. Clark, Pritpal Soorae, Luca Luiselli, Chris Jenkins, Harry W. Greene 2016. Identifying global priorities for the conservation of vipers. Biological Conservation, doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2016.05.004 - get paper here
  • Mattison, Chris 2007. The New Encyclopedia of Snakes. Princeton University Press
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  • Sanders, K. L.; Malhotra, A.; Thorpe, R. S. 2004. Ecological diversification in a group of Indomalayan pitvipers (Trimeresurus): convergence in taxonomically important traits has implications for species identification. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 17(4):721-731. - get paper here
  • Schatti, B. & Guillod, M. 1990. Bemerkungen zur Rassengliederung bei der Philippinischen Bambusotter, Trimeresurus flavomaculatus (GRAY 1842). Herpetofauna 12 (66): 32-34 - get paper here
  • Siler, C.D.; L.J. Welton; J.M. Siler; J. Brown; A. Bucol; A.C. Diesmos; R. Brown. 2011. Amphibians and Reptiles, Luzon Island, Aurora Province and Aurora Memorial National Park, Northern Philippines: New island distribution records. Check List 7 (2):182-195 - get paper here
  • Sweeney, Roger 1994. McGregor's pit viper, Trimeresurus flavomaculatus mcgregori. Herptile: Journal of the International Herpetological Society 19 (2): 86-88
  • Taylor, E.H. 1919. New or rare Philippine reptiles. Philippine Journal of Science 14: 105-125
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Weinell, Jeffrey L.; Errol Hooper, Alan E. Leviton, Rafe M. Brown 2019. Illustrated Key to the Snakes of the Philippines. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (4) 66 (1): 1-49 - get paper here
  • Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
 
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