Trimeresurus hageni (LIDTH DE JEUDE, 1886)
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Trimeresurus hageni
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| Higher Taxa | Viperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes) |
| Subspecies | |
| Common Names | E: Indonesian Pit Viper, Hagen’s (green) pitviper G: Hagens Bambusotter |
| Synonym | Bothrops hageni LIDTH DE JEUDE 1886: 54 Bothrops hageni — HAGEN 1890 Lachesis hageni — LIDTH DE JEUDE 1922 Trimeresurus hageni — BRONGERSMA 1933 Trimeresurus erythrurus var. ? (nec Trigonocephalus erythrurus CANTOR 1839) — MÜLLER 1887 Lachesis sumatranus (nec Coluber sumatranus RAFFLES 1822) — BOULENGER 1896 Trimeresurus sumatranus (RAFFLES 1822) (partim) — TAYLOR 1965 Trimeresurus hageni — GRANDISON 1972: 93 Trimeresurus hageni — WELCH 1994: 115 Trimeresurus hageni — MANTHEY & GROSSMANN 1997: 408 Trimeresurus hageni — COX et al. 1998: 22 Trimeresurus hageni — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 335 Parias hageni — MALHOTRA & THORPE 2004 Trimeresurus (Parias) hageni — DAVID et al. 2011 Parias hageni — WALLACH et al. 2014: 538 Parias hageni — CHAN-ARD et al. 2015: 290 Parias hageni — GUO et al. 2018 Trimeresurus (Parias) hageni — MIRZA et al. 2023 |
| Distribution | Indonesia (Sumatra: Aceh, North Sumatra =Sumatera Utara, West Sumatra = Sumatera Barat, Bengkulu, South Sumatra = Sumatera Selatan; probably also in Jambi Province; Bangka Island; Simpang), Federation of Malaysia (West Malaysia: Kedah, Kelantan, Kuala Lumpur, Perak, Selangor, Johor, Negri Sembilan and Pahang), S Thailand (Phang-nga, Krabi, Surat Thani, Songkhla, Satun, Trang, Yala), Singapore ? Type locality: Sumatra and the island of Banka. [= Bangka] |
| Reproduction | oviparous |
| Types | Lectotype: RMNH 819, designated by Brongersma (1933:7). Other syntypes: RMNH, 8 from Sumatra and 1 from Bangka. Brongersma (1933:7) indicated that all Sumatra specimens were from Deli (RMNH 819 (1); RMNH 5587 (6); RMNH 4985 (1)); apparently he did not examine the syntype from the island of Bangka. Golay et al. (1993: 100) listed RMNH 819, 4985, and 17191 as types; perhaps the island of Bangka specimen is RMNH 17191. Other speciemens: BMNH 89.12.26.20, District of Deli, now Medan; BMNH 93.6.5.11, East coast of Sumatra; MNHN 1880.0042, Sumatra; MZB.OPHI 1740, Padang Bukit Sebelah; MZB.OPHI 1892a–b, Ketambe, Aceh Tenggara; MZB.OPHI 1898, Aceh Barut; MZB.OPHI 2886a–b, Kembang Manis, Bengkulu; MZB.OPHI 3716, Kubu Perahu, Lampung; NHMB 5108, Palembang, South Sumatra; NHMB 9423, Sumatra; NMW 23909:1–2, Medan; NMW 23909:3, Deli; NMW 28150:1–3; Padang; NMW 28155:3, Medan; RMNH 5587A, Deli; RMNH RENA 819 (lectotype), ―Deli‖, now Medan; ZFMK 32508, Sumatra; ZMB 15884, Sukuranda, Oberer Langkat, O-Sumatra; ZMB 29642, Padang; ZMB 32193a, b, Sumatra; ZMB 62699, Aceh; ZMB 66176, Bengkulu province; ZMH R06937, Serdang; ZSM 109/1927, Goenoeng Rintels, S. Deli; ZSM 202–1979a, Lau Rakit, near Deli; ZSM 202–1979b, Gunoeng Rinteh. Bangka Island. RMNH 4697, Bangka; ZSM 365/1907 (4), ZSM 365/1908 (1–3) Simpang, Bangka. SINGAPORE. BMNH 80.9.10.6, Singapore. MALAYSIA. West Malaysia. BMNH 1936.9.12.5, ―Kualla Taku, Malay Penin.‖; BMNH 1936.9.91, Perak; BMNH 1967.2290–1, Gunong Benom; CAS 16831, Silensing, Pahang; MNHN 1899.0269, Peninsular Malaysia; MNHN 1974.0044, Kuala Lumpur; MNHN 2002.0406, West Malaysia; NMW 28158:1–2, Kedah; PSGV 393, Kuala Lumpur; SMF 64464– 5, Perak; ZFMK 16680, Yombak; ZFMK 68522, north of Kuala Lumpur; ZMB 70235, Kepong, Selangor; ZRC 2.2928, Tasik Bera, Pahang; ZRC 2.2930, Tembeling, Pahang; ZRC 2.2932, Bukit Lagong Forest, Selangor; ZRC 2.2933–4, Ulu Langat, Selangor; ZRC 2.2935, Cameron Highlands, Pahang; ZRC 2.2943, Negeri Sembilan, Gunung Angsi; ZRC 2.5362, Bellum, Perak; ZRC 2.5397, Kepong, Frim, Selangor. THAILAND. BMNH 1936.9.12.4, Betong, Yala; BMNH 1988.858–62, Trang; IRSNB 3059 Betong. NO SPECIFIC LOCALITY: ZFMK 18835, no locality; ZFMK 21497, Sunda Islands. |
| Diagnosis | Diagnosis: A large species of pitviper of the genus Trimeresurus (subgenus Parias Gray, 1849), characterized by the combination of (1) body elongate, head long and massive in adults; (2) body deep green or dark green in life, without sexual dimorphism in colouration and pattern; (3) on each side, a series of dorsolateral spots, white or pink, irregular in shape and size, usually conspicuous; (4) a broad, pale ventrolateral stripe on first two dorsal scale rows; (5) 21 (in a sole specimen 23) DSR at midbody; (6) 1st supralabial distinct from nasal scale; (7) large internasals, most usually in contact, only exceptionally separated by 1 scale (6 out of 42 specimens); (8) 1 or 2 (3rd or 3rd–4th SL), rarely 3 supralabials (3rd–4th–5th SL) in contact with subocular, (9) supraoculars elongate, not distinctly broad, separated by 5–9 (usually 6–7) scales; (10) tail average, with a ratio TaL/TL between 0.190 and 0.225 in males and 0.143 and 0.185 in females, with a clear sexual dimorphism; (11) 176–196 VEN; (10) 59–91 SC (males: 72–91; females: 59–78); (12) in life, eye dark grey pale yellow or yellowish-green; (13) a narrow postocular streak, white, cream, pale yellow, uniform or mixed with reddish-brown or salmon (pink or cream in preservative) usually present in males, present or absent in females; (14) venter yellowish-green or pale green, without any black margins; and (16) tail green as the body anteriorly, with large pinkish-red, salmon or red blotches (cream in preservative) on the upper surface of its anterior half, becoming fused and turning the tail entirely into hues of red on its posterior half. Characters separating T. hageni from the three new species described by Vogel et al. 2022 and from T. sumatranus and T. gunaleni are summarized in Table 1 in Vogel et al. 2022. |
| Comment | Venomous! Similar species: Has been confused with T. sumatranus. Vogel et al. 2022 split off T. calamitas, T. kirscheyi, and T. whitteni from T. hageni. Habitat: fully arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018). Distribution: See Vogel et al. 2022: 78 (Fig. 13) for a map. |
| Etymology | Named after Dr. Bernhard Hagen (1853-1919), a physician, amateur natural historian and collector. He was employed by a Sumatran planting company. |
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