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Trimeresurus calamitas VOGEL, DAVID & SIDIK, 2022

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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common Names 
SynonymTrimeresurus calamitas VOGEL, DAVID & SIDIK 2022: 62
Trimeresurus erythrurus var. ? — MÜLLER 1887: 280
Bothrops formosus — MODIGLIANI 1889: 121
Trimeresurus hageni — SANDERS et al. 2002: 109 [partim]
Trimeresurus hageni — SANDERS et al. 2004: 729 [partim]
Trimeresurus (Trimeresurus) calamitas— MIRZA et al. 2023 
DistributionIndonesia (Nias Island, North Sumatra Province)

Type locality: Nias Island  
Reproduction 
TypesHolotype. NMW 28157:5, adult female. Don. F. Steindachner, 1901, purchased from “Raff.” Paratypes (6 specimens). NHMB 9179 (male) “South Nias”, ZMH R06935 (male), ZFMK 32509 (female), BMNH 84.1.8.46 (female); MZB.OPHI 445 (female); ZMB 52039 (female) all from “Nias” without locality except MZB.OPHI 445, from Idano Gawo, Nias.
Other material (examined by Vogel et al. 2022: 5 males and 18 females). BMNH 84.12.31.14 (male); BMNH 84.1.8.47 (female); BMNH 84.12.31.13 (female); MNHN 5794, female; NMW 28155:2; NMW 28156:2; NMW 28157:4 (all males); NMW 28156:1, 3–4; NMW 28157:1–3; NMW 28159:4; NMW 28160:1–4 (all females); ZFMK 32509–10 (females); ZMB 65721 (male); ZMB 52039–41 (all females), all from Nias except MNHN 5794, with merely ―Sumatra‖ as locality, and NMW 28159:2, from “Padang”, and NMW 28159:4, which is said to come from “Deli, Sumatra”, now Medan, North Sumatra Province, both most probably in error. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: A large species of pitviper of the genus Trimeresurus, characterized by the combination of (1) body elongate, head long and massive in adults; (2) dorsal surfaces deep or dark green, or dark bluish-green, with dorsal scales largely edged with black but non forming a pattern of crossbands; (3) 21 DSR at midbody; (4) 1st supralabial totally separated from nasal scale; (5) large internasals, always in contact; (6) usually 2 supralabials, 3rd–4th SL in contact with subocular (rarely 1st or 3rd SL only); (7) supraoculars large but elongate, separated by 5– 7 cephalic scales; (8) tail long, with a ratio TaL/TL between 0.189 and 0.208 in males and 0.143 and 0.166 in females; (9) 174–192 VEN; (10) 61–77 SC (males: 75–77; females: 61–71); (11) eye colour greenish-gold in preservative (unknown in life); (12) cephalic scales strongly and broadly edged with black but not forming streaks; (13) no postocular streak; (15) no ventrolateral stripe or, rarely, a poorly defined stripe due to a cream or pale greenish-yellow spot on each scale of the 1st DSR; (16) tail dark green as the body, with scales edged with black, marked with several, large rusty brown or reddish-brown blotches (pinkish-salmon in preservative), narrowly separated with dark green, becoming fused on the last quarter of the tail, which is entirely of the same colour as the blotches; and (17) venter pale yellowish green or pale bluish green; each ventral narrowly edged with black, especially on their central part, sometimes on the whole of their posterior margin. (Vogel et al. 2022)


Additional details (3423 characters) are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentDistribution: See Vogel et al. 2022: 78 (Fig. 13) for a map. 
References
  • Mirza ZA, H. T. Lalremsanga, Bhosale H, Gowande G, Patel H, Idiatullina SS, Poyarkov NA 2023. Systematics of Trimeresurus popeiorum Smith, 1937 with a revised molecular phylogeny of Asian pitvipers of the genus Trimeresurus Lacépède, 1804 sensu lato. Evolutionary Systematics 7(1): 91-104 - get paper here
  • Modigliani,E. 1889. Materiali per la fauna erpetologica dell isola Nias. Ann. Mus. civ. stor. nat. Genova 7: 113-124 - get paper here
  • Müller,F. 1887. Fünfter Nachtrag zum Katalog der herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums. Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel 8: 249-296 - get paper here
  • Sanders, K. L.; Malhotra, A.; Thorpe, R. S. 2004. Ecological diversification in a group of Indomalayan pitvipers (Trimeresurus): convergence in taxonomically important traits has implications for species identification. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 17(4):721-731. - get paper here
  • Sanders, K.L., A. Malhotra, and R.S. Thorpe 2002. A contribution to the systematics of two commonly confused pitvipers from the Sunda Region: Trimeresurus hageni and T. sumatranus. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum London, 68(2): 107–111
  • Vogel, Gernot; Patrick David & Irvan Sidik 2022. A REVIEW OF THE COMPLEX OF Trimeresurus hageni (LIDTH DE JEUDE, 1886) (SQUAMATA: VIPERIDAE) WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW INSULAR SPECIES FROM INDONESIA TAPROBANICA 11 (2): 54-83
 
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