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Trioceros affinis (RÜPPELL, 1845)

IUCN Red List - Trioceros affinis - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaChamaeleonidae, Sauria, Iguania, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Ruppell's Desert Chameleon
G: Abyssinisches Chamäleon (Rüppels Originalname) 
SynonymChamaeleon affinis RÜPPELL 1845: 300
Chamaeleo abyssinicus — FITZINGER 1843 (nomen nudum)
Chamaeleon affinis — GRAY 1865: 347
Chamaeleon affinis — WERNER 1911: 27
Chamaeleon affinis — CALABRESI 1925: 103
Chamaeleo affinis — MERTENS 1966: 6
Chamaeleo (Trioceros) affinis — KLAVER & BÖHME 1986: 59
Chamaeleo (Trioceros) affinis — KLAVER & BÖHME 1997
Chamaeleo (Trioceros) affinis — NECAS 1999: 143
Trioceros affinis — TILBURY & TOLLEY 2009
Trioceros affinis — TILBURY 2010: 552
Triocerus affinis — CAMPBELL & DENZER 2020 (in error) 
DistributionEthiopia

Type locality: Abessinien (= Ethiopia)  
Reproductionovoviviparous 
TypesLectotype: SMF 16402 (fide MERTENS 1967: 64), Paralectotype: NHMUK 1946.8.21.9 (original number NHMUK 1845.7.22.27 or BMNH), female. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: “Mit Ch. senegalensis nahe verwandte Art, von welcher es sich nur unterscheidet durch den Mangel eines beschuppten Kiels an Hals und Kehle”
[Rüppels original diagnosis]


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CommentDistribution: see map in Koppetsch et al. 2021: 169 (Fig. 3).

Genome: Colston et al. 2025. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin affinis/is/e, related to: denoting its putative relationship/resemblance with Chamaeleo senegalensis (Charles Klaver, pers. comm., 11 Jan 2023). 
References
  • Calabresi, Enrica 1925. Anfibi e rettili raccolti dal Signor Ugo Ignesti nell'Abissinia settentrionale. Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali, e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Milano 64: 100-109 - get paper here
  • CAMPBELL, PATRICK D; WOLFGANG DENZER 2020. Annotated catalogue of chameleon types in the collection of the Natural History Museum, UK (NHMUK) (Reptilia: Squamata: Chamaeleonidae). Zootaxa 4742 (3): 481–500 - get paper here
  • Colston, Timothy J., Stacy Pirro, and R. Alexander Pyron. 2025. The Complete Genome Sequences of 101 Species of Reptiles. Biodiversity Genomes, February - get paper here
  • Fitzinger, L. 1843. Systema Reptilium, fasciculus primus, Amblyglossae. Braumüller et Seidel, Wien: 106 pp. - get paper here
  • Glaw, F. 2015. Taxonomic checklist of chameleons (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae). [type catalogue] Vertebrate Zoology 65 (2): 167–246 - get paper here
  • Gray,J.E. 1865. Revision of the genera and species of Chamaeleonidae, with the description of some new species. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 15: 340-354 - get paper here
  • Klaver, C. & BÖHME,W. 1986. Phylogeny and classification of the Chamaeleonidae (Sauria), with special reference to hemipenis morphology. Bonner zool. Monogr. 22: 1-64. - get paper here
  • Koppetsch, T., Nečas, P., & Wipfler, B. 2021. A new chameleon of the Trioceros affinis species complex (Squamata, Chamaeleonidae) from Ethiopia. Zoosystematics and Evolution, 97: 161 - get paper here
  • Largen, M.J.; Spawls, S. 2006. Lizards of Ethiopia (Reptilia Sauria): an annotated checklist, bibliography, gazetteer and identification. Tropical Zoology 19 (1): 21-109 - get paper here
  • Largen, M.J.; Spawls, S. 2010. Amphibians and Reptiles of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, 694 pp.
  • Loveridge, A. 1936. African reptiles and amphibians in the Field Museum of Natural History. Zool. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Chicago, 22 (1): 1-122 - get paper here
  • Mertens, R. 1967. Die herpetologische Sektion des Natur-Museums und Forschungs-Institutes Senckenberg in Frankfurt am Main nebst einem Verzeichnis ihrer Typen. Senckenbergiana Biologica 48: 1-106 - get paper here
  • Mertens, Robert 1966. Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien: Chamaeleonidae. Das Tierreich 83: 1-37
  • Nečas, P. 1994. Bemerkungen zur Chamäleon-Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, mit vorläufiger Beschreibung eines neuen Chamäleons aus Kenia (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae). Herpetozoa 7 (3/4): 95-108. - get paper here
  • Nečas, Petr 1999. Chameleons - Nature's Hidden Jewels. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt; 348 pp.; ISBN 3-930612-04-6 (Europe)<br />ISBN 1-57524-137-4 (USA, Canada)
  • Rüppell, E. 1845. Verzeichnis der in dem Museum der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft aufgestellten Sammlungen. Dritte Abteilung: Amphibien. Mus. Senckenbergianum 3 (3): 293- 316
  • Schmidt, W.; Tamm, K. & Wallikewitz, E. 2010. Chamäleons - Drachen unserer Zeit. Natur und Tier Verlag, 328 pp. [review in Reptilia 101: 64, 2013] - get paper here
  • Spawls, Stephen 1994. The herpetofauna of Ethiopia. Part 2. The forests and the mountains. Reptilian 2 (10): 7-14
  • Spawls, Stephen; Tomáš Mazuch & Abubakr Mohammad 2023. Handbook of Amphibians and Reptiles of North-east Africa. Bloomsbury, 640 pp. - get paper here
  • Tilbury, C. 2010. Chameleons of Africa: An Atlas, Including the Chameleons of Europe, the Middle East and Asia. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt M., 831 pp.
  • Tilbury, C. R. & Tolley, Krystal A. 2009. A re-appraisal of the systematics of the African genus Chamaeleo (Reptilia: Chamaeleonidae). Zootaxa 2079: 57–68 - get paper here
  • Werner, F. 1911. Das Tierreich - Chamaeleonidae. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, 27: xi + 52 pp. - get paper here
 
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