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Trioceros rudis (BOULENGER, 1906)

IUCN Red List - Trioceros rudis - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaChamaeleonidae, Sauria, Iguania, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Ruwenzori side-striped chameleon, Coarse Chameleon 
SynonymChamaeleon rudis BOULENGER 1906: 473
Chamaeleon rudis — BOULENGER 1911
Chamaeleo bitaeniatus graueri STERNFELD 1912: 250
Chamaeleo bitaeniatus tornieri STERNFELD 1912
Chamaeleo burgeoni DE WITTE 1933: 120
Chamaeleo bitaeniatus burgeoni — DE WITTE 1953: 61
Chamaeleon bitaeniatus rudis — LOVERIDGE 1936: 77
Chamaeleo rudis rudis — RAND 1963: 15
Chamaeleo (Trioceros) rudis — NECAS 1999: 148
Chamaeleo rudis — BROADLEY & HOWELL 1991: 13
Chamaeleo rudis — RAZETTI & MSUYA 2002
Trioceros rudis — TILBURY & TOLLEY 2009
Trioceros rudis — TILBURY 2010: 722
Trioceros rudis — SPAWLS et al. 2018: 301 
DistributionBurundi, Rwanda, W Uganda, Kenya, E Zaire (Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of South Sudan (RSS) (Tilbury 2010)

Type locality: Mt. Ruwenzori, Uganda  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesHolotype: BMNH 1946.8.21.6, female, previously NHMUK 1901.6.4.28.
Syntype: NHMUK 1946.8.22.11, male (previously NHMUK 1935.2.8.10); see Bauer et al. 2006: 272 and Campbell & Denzer 2020 for further discussion of Sternfeld’s material [graueri]
Holotype: ZMB 12009, fide Bauer et al. 2006: 273 [tornieri] 
Diagnosis 
CommentSynonymy: KLAVER & BÖHME (1997) also include sternfeldi in the synonymy of C. rudis which is now considered as a valid species by many authors. 
EtymologyNamed after L.: rudis, rough or coarse, denoting the coars heterogenous scalation (Charles Klaver, pers. comm., 11 Jan 2023). 
References
  • Böhme, W. & Klaver, C.C. 1980. The systematic status of Chamaeleo kinetensis SCHMIDT 1943 (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae) from the Imantong Mountains, Sudan, with comments on lung and hemipenial morphology within the C. bitaeniatus group. Amphibia-Reptilia 1: 3-17 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, GEORGE A. 1906. On a new chameleon from Mount Ruwenzori. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 18: 473 - get paper here
  • Broadley, D. G. & HOWELL, K. M. 1991. A check list of the reptiles of Tanzania, with synoptic keys. Syntarsus 1: 1—70
  • CAMPBELL, PATRICK D; WOLFGANG DENZER 2020. Annotated catalogue of chameleon types in the collection of the Natural History Museum, UK (NHMUK) (Reptilia: Squamata: Chamaeleonidae). Zootaxa 4742 (3): 481–500 - get paper here
  • Gemel, R.; G. Gassner & S. Schweiger 2019. Katalog der Typen der Herpetologischen Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien – 2018. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B 121: 33–248
  • Glaw, F. 2015. Taxonomic checklist of chameleons (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae). [type catalogue] Vertebrate Zoology 65 (2): 167–246 - get paper here
  • Krause, P. & Böhme, W. 2010. A new chameleon of the Trioceros bitaeniatus complex from Mt. Hanang, Tanzania, East Africa (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae). Bonn zool. Bull. 57 (1): 19-29 - get paper here
  • Loveridge, A. 1936. African reptiles and amphibians in the Field Museum of Natural History. Zool. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Chicago, 22 (1): 1-122 - get paper here
  • Lutzmann, N. 1998. Anmerkungen zu einer Nachzuchtstatistik. Elaphe 6 (4): 76-79
  • Lutzmann, N. 2016. Chamäleons. Immer wieder Neues. Reptilia 21 (119): 16-24
  • Nečas, P.; Modry, D.; Slapeta, J. R. 2003. Chamaeleo (Trioceros) narraioca n. sp. (Reptilia: Chamaeleonidae), a new chameleon species from a relict montane forest of Mount Kulal, northern Kenya. Tropical Zoology 16 (1): 1-12 - get paper here
  • Nečas, Petr 1999. Chameleons - Nature's Hidden Jewels. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt; 348 pp.; ISBN 3-930612-04-6 (Europe)<br>ISBN 1-57524-137-4 (USA, Canada)
  • Razzetti, E. & Msuya, C.A. 2002. Field guide to the amphibians and reptiles of Arusha National Park (Tanzania). Publ. Ed. Negri Istituto, Oikos, Varese, 84 pp.
  • Roelke, Corey E. & Smith, E.N. 2010. Herpetofauna, Parc National des Volcans, North Province, Republic of Rwanda. Check List 6 (4): 525-531 - get paper here
  • Schmidt, W.; Tamm, K. & Wallikewitz, E. 2010. Chamäleons - Drachen unserer Zeit. Natur und Tier Verlag, 328 pp. [review in Reptilia 101: 64, 2013] - get paper here
  • Spawls, S. & Rotich, D. 1997. An annotated checklist of the lizards of Kenya. J. East African Nat. Hist. 86: 61-83
  • Spawls, S.; Howell, K.; Drewes, R.C. & Ashe, J. 2002. A field guide to the reptiles of East Africa. Academic Press, 543 pp. [reviews in HR 34: 396 and Afr. J. Herp. 51; 147] - get paper here
  • Spawls, Stephen; Tomáš Mazuch & Abubakr Mohammad 2023. Handbook of Amphibians and Reptiles of North-east Africa. Bloomsbury, 640 pp. - get paper here
  • Spawls, Steve; Kim Howell, Harald Hinkel, Michele Menegon 2018. Field Guide to East African Reptiles. Bloomsbury, 624 pp. - get paper here
  • Sternfeld, R. 1912. Der Formenkreis des Chamaeleon bitaeniatus. Sber. Ges. naturf. Freunde, Berlin 7: 379-384.
  • STIPALA, JAN; NICOLA LUTZMÁNN, PATRICK K. MALONZA, LUCA BORGH-ESIO, PAUL WILKINSON, BRENDAN GODLEY, MATTHEW R. EVANS 2011. A new species of chameleon (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae) from the highlands of northwest Kenya. Zootaxa 3002: 1–16 - get paper here
  • STIPALA, JAN; NICOLA LUTZMANN, PATRICK K. MALONZA, PAUL WILKINSON, BRENDAN GODLEY, JOASH NYAMACHE & MATTHEW R. EVANS 2012. A new species of chameleon (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae) from the Aberdare Mountains in the central highlands of Kenya. Zootaxa 3391: 1–22 - get paper here
  • Tilbury, C. 2010. Chameleons of Africa: An Atlas, Including the Chameleons of Europe, the Middle East and Asia. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt M., 831 pp.
  • Tilbury, C. R. & Tolley, Krystal A. 2009. A re-appraisal of the systematics of the African genus Chamaeleo (Reptilia: Chamaeleonidae). Zootaxa 2079: 57–68 - get paper here
  • van Hoof, J. et al. 2006. Kameleons, een fascinerende hobby. Lacerta 64 (5-6): 1-96 - get paper here
  • Witte, G. F. de 1933. Batraciens et reptiles recueillis par M.L. Burgeon au Ruwenzori, au Kivu et au Tanganika. Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 24: 111- 123.
  • Witte, G. F. de 1953. Reptiles. Exploration du Parc National de l'Upemba. Mission G. F. de Witte en collaboration avec W. Adam, A. Janssens, L. Van Meel et R. Verheyen (1946–1949). Institut des Parcs Nationaux du Congo Belge. Brussels, vol. 6, 322 pp. - get paper here
 
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