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Tropidophis grapiuna CURCIO, SALES-NUNES, SUZART ARGOLO, SKUK & RODRIGUES, 2012

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Higher TaxaTropidophiidae, Henophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesPortuguese: Jiboinha-Grapiúna 
SynonymTropidophis grapiuna CURCIO, SALES NUNES, SUZART ARGOLO, SKUK & RODRIGUES 2012
Tropidophis grapiuna — WALLACH et al. 2014: 753
Tropidophis grapiuna — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019
Tropidophis grapiuna — ORTEGA-ANDRADE et al. 2022 
DistributionBrazil (Bahia)

Type locality: ‘‘Serra da Pedra Lascada,’’ region of Itajuípe, state of Bahia, Brazil.  
Reproductionviviparous (not imputed, fide Zimin et al. 2022) 
TypesHolotype: MNRJ 19593, previous institutional number CZGB 3820 (latter abbreviation refers to Colecão Zoológica Gregório Bondar, Centro de Pesquisas-Comissa ̃o Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira, Ilhéus, Bahia), not labeled in field, adult female, collected on 15 June 1995, collected by J.R. Martins. Paratype.—MZUESC 8153, adult female collected on 23 March 2010 at Serra Bonita, Fazenda Uirac ̧ u, in the vicinities of the municipality of Camacan, state of Bahia, by I. Dias e T. Medeiros. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Tropidophis grapiuna is distinguishable from all mainland congeners by the combination of the following characteristics: (1) low ventral counts (154–155 vs. 164–183 in T. paucisquamis and 200 in T. battersbyi); (2) 23 dorsals at midbody (vs. 21 or 23, rarely 25 in T. paucisquamis); (3) vertebral scale row not distinctly enlarged in size relative to remaining dorsals (vs. vertebral row of dorsals usually enlarged, wider than long at least on part of the trunk in T. paucisquamis); (4) dorsals strongly keeled except for first four rows on anterior two-thirds of trunk and first three rows on posterior one-third of trunk (dorsals smooth in T. battersbyi and smooth or feebly keeled in T. paucisquamis); (5) interparietals present, well developed (vs. usually lacking in T. paucisquamis); (6) parietals fully separated by interparietals (vs. parietals in full contact along middorsal line of head in T. paucisquamis); (7) 18 maxillary teeth (vs. 12 maxillary teeth in T. battersbyi); (8) body spotted, dorsal spots small, with approximately two dorsal scales in diameter and irregular in shape (vs. dorsal spots large, rounded or elliptical, up to four scales in diameter in T. battersbyi); and (9) eight spot rows around body, six on dorsum and two on venter (vs. six spot rows around body, four on dorsum and two on venter in T. battersbyi).


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CommentHabitat: partly arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018).

Distribution: see map in Ortega-Andrade et al. 2022: 5 (Fig. 1). 
EtymologyThe specific epithet is a noun in apposition deriving from the Brazilian Portuguese ‘‘grapiúna,’’ as a reference to the inhabitants of the cocoa-producing region of the state of Bahia. The word derived from the native language Tupi Guarani (guirá = bird; piúna = dark skin). 
References
  • Curcio, Felipe Franco; Pedro M. Sales Nunes, Antônio Jorge Suzart Argolo, Gabriel Skuk, and Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues 2012. Taxonomy of the South American Dwarf Boas of the Genus Tropidophis Bibron, 1840, With the Description of Two New Species from the Atlantic Forest (Serpentes: Tropidophiidae). Herpetological Monographs 26 (1): 80-121. - get paper here
  • Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here
  • Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here
  • Nogueira, Cristiano C.; Antonio J.S. Argôlo, Vanesa Arzamendia, Josué A. Azevedo, Fausto E. Barbo, Renato S. Bérnils, Bruna E. Bolochio, Marcio Borges-Martins, Marcela Brasil-Godinho, Henrique Braz, Marcus A. Buononato, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, 2019. Atlas of Brazilian snakes: verified point-locality maps to mitigate the Wallacean shortfall in a megadiverse snake fauna. South American J. Herp. 14 (Special Issue 1):1-274 - get paper here
  • Ortega-Andrade, H. M., Bentley, A., Koch, C., Yánez-Muñoz, M. H., & Entiauspe-Neto, O. M. 2022. A time relic: a new species of dwarf boa, Tropidophis Bibron, 1840 (Serpentes: Amerophidia), from the Upper Amazon Basin. European Journal of Taxonomy, 854(1), 1-107 - get paper here
  • Rojas-Padilla O, Menezes VQ, Dias IR, Argôlo AJS, Solé M, Orrico VGD 2020. Amphibians and reptiles of Parque Nacional da Serra das Lontras: an important center of endemism within the Atlantic Forest in southern Bahia, Brazil. ZooKeys 1002: 159-185 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
 
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