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Tropiocolotes confusus MACHADO, SMÍD, MAZUCH, SINDACO, SHUKAILI, CARRANZA, 2018

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Higher TaxaGekkonidae, Gekkota, Sauria, Squamata (lizards: geckos)
Subspecies 
Common Names 
SynonymTropiocolotes confusus MACHADO, ŠMÍD, MAZUCH, SINDACO, SHUKAILI, CARRANZA 2018
Tropiocolotes scorteccii — ARNOLD 1980: 289 (part)
Tropiocolotes scorteccii — ARNOLD 1986: 423 (part)
Tropiocolotes scorteccii — VAN DER KOOIJ 2000: 119 (part.)
Tropiocolotes scorteccii — BAHA EL DIN 2001: 47 (part.)
Tropiocolotes scorteccii — SINDACO & JEREMCENKO 2008: 140 (part.)
Tropiocolotes scorteccii — KRAUSE et al., 2013: 23 (part.)
Tropiocolotes scorteccii — GARDNER 2013: 210 (part.)
Tropiocolotes sp. — CARRANZA et al. 2018: (S2 Appendix, 47)
Tropiocolotes confusus — MACHADO et al. 2020 
DistributionOman (Dhofar)

Type locality: Mughsayl, Dhofar, Oman, 16.879N, 53.774E WGS84, alt. 12 m elevation.  
Reproductionoviparous (manual imputation, fide Zimin et al. 2022) 
TypesHolotype: NMP 6V 74272/2 (sample code OM113), male, collected on the 4 April 2010 by Jirı Smıd (MorphoBank P1260: M340162-67). Paratypes: NMP 6V 74272/1 (sample code OM114), male, same collecting data as holotype (MorphoBank P1260: M340169-74); NMP6V 75045 (sample code TMHC406), female, from West of Mughsayl, Dhofar, Oman, 16.884N, 53.773E WGS84, alt. 21 m a.s.l., collected on the 24 September 2013 by Tomas Mazuch (MorphoBank P1260: M340053– 101). 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: A small Tropiocolotes characterized by the following combination of morphological characters: (i) maximum recorded snout-vent length (SVL) 25.66 mm (23.59 +/- 1.18); (ii) robust body with relatively broad head (HW/HL = 0.65 +/- 0.07) and round short snout (Figure 6e in Machado et al. 2018); (iii) dorsal and ventral scales on head, body, extremities, and tail imbricate and strongly keeled (one keel on each scale), dorsals larger than ventrals (Figure 6g,i; Table S6); (iv) digits not dilated, covered below by a series of transverse tricarinated subdigital scales; (v) two pairs of postmental scales, 7–9/8–10 lower labials and 8–11/9–10 upper labials (left/right), 10–15 interorbitals; (vi) five wide dark-brown transverse bands, one on neck, three on trunk, and one just behind the hind limbs (Figure 6a,c); (vii) a wide dark-brown temporal stripe from behind the eyes, through the ear opening (avoiding its anterior part; see Figure 6a,e), and to the level of the forelimbs (Figure 6a); and (viii) 6–8 dark brown transverse bands on tail (Figure 6c).


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CommentDistribution: See map in Machado et al. 2020 (Fig. 1). 
EtymologyThe species epithet confusus is a Latin adjective that refers to the history of recurrent confusion by different authors between this new species and T. scorteccii. 
References
  • Arnold E N 1986. A key and annotated checklist to the lizards and amphisbaenians of Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 8: 385-435
  • Arnold, E. N. 1980. The reptiles and amphibians of Dhofar, southern Arabia. Journal of Oman Studies, Special Report, 2: 273–332
  • Baha El Din, S. M. 2001. A synopsis of African and South Arabian geckos of the genus Tropiocolotes (Reptilia: Gekkonidae), with a description of a new species from Egypt. Zoology in the Middle East 22: 45-56 - get paper here
  • Carranza S, Xipell M, Tarroso P, Gardner A, Arnold EN, Robinson MD, et al. 2018. Diversity, distribution and conservation of the terrestrial reptiles of Oman (Sauropsida, Squamata). PLoS One 13 (2): e0190389 - get paper here
  • Carranza, Salvador; Johannes Els; Bernat Burriel-Carranza 2021. A field guide to the reptiles of Oman. Madrid : Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 223 pp. [review in HR 53 (3): 531] - get paper here
  • Gardner, A.S. 2013. The amphibians and reptiles of Oman and the UAE. Edition Chimaira, 480 pp.
  • Kowalski, T., Grossmann, W. and Zwanzig, B-M. 2020. A new locality record of Tropiocolotes confusus Machado, Smid, Mazuch, Sindaco, Al Shukaili & Carranza, 2018 in Dhofar. Sauria 42 (1): 61-65.
  • KRAUSE, VALENTINA; FARAHAM AHMADZADEH, MOSTAFA MOAZENI, PHILIPP WAGNER & THOMAS M. WILMS 2013. A new species of the genus Tropiocolotes Peters, 1880 from western Iran (Squamata: Sauria: Gekkonidae). Zootaxa 3716 (1): 022–038 - get paper here
  • Machado, Luís, Daniele Salvi, D James Harris, José C Brito, Pierre-André Crochet, Philippe Geniez, Faraham Ahmadzadeh, and Salvador Carranza. 2020. Systematics, Biogeography and Evolution of the Saharo-Arabian Naked-Toed Geckos Genus Tropiocolotes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 155: 106969 [print 2021] - get paper here
  • Machado, Luis; Jirı Smıd; Tomas Mazuch; Roberto Sindaco; Ahmed Said Al Shukaili & Salvador Carranza 2018. Systematics of the Saharo-Arabian clade of the Palearctic naked-toed geckos with the description of a new species of Tropiocolotes endemic to Oman. J Zool Syst Evol Res. 2018: 1–20. - get paper here
  • Sindaco, R. & Jeremcenko, V.K. 2008. The reptiles of the Western Palearctic. Edizioni Belvedere, Latina (Italy), 579 pp. - get paper here
  • van der Kooij, Jeroen 2001. The herpetofauna of the Sultanate of Oman: Part 2: the geckoes. Podarcis 1 (4): 105-123 - get paper here
  • Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
 
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