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Uma paraphygas WILLIAMS, CHRAPLIWY & SMITH, 1959

IUCN Red List - Uma paraphygas - Near Threatened, NT
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Higher TaxaPhrynosomatidae, Phrynosomatinae, Callisaurini; Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Chihuahuan Fringe-toed Lizard
S: Arenera de Chihuahua 
SynonymUma paraphygas WILLIAMS, CHRAPLIWY & SMITH 1959
Uma paraphygas — COX & TANNER 1977
Uma paraphygas — LINER 1994
Uma paraphygas — LINER 2007
Uma paraphygas — HEIMES 2022 
DistributionMexico (Coahuila, Chihuahua, Durango)

Type locality: Mexico: 0.7 mi E Carrillo, Chihuahua.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: INHS (= UIMNH) 42889; P. S. Chrapliwy and K. L. Williams; August 1, 1958, paratype: BYU 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: A member of the genus Uma differing from all other known species in possession of two instead of one lateroventral black marks on belly, and possession of a dorsal pattern basically like that of exsul but dark pigment not forming distinct chevrons. Differs from exsul also in having a smaller shoulder spot; femoral pores 27-38, avo 30.5, 96 per cent 28 or more, instead of 19-29, avo 24.8, 11.5 per cent 28 or more; scales between femoral pore series 15-21, av. 16.9, 7 per cent 19 or more, instead of 18-22, av. 20.2, 86 per cent 19 or more; no reddish coloring about eyes or snout in life. Like exsul, and different from all other members of the genus, in lacking tail whorls and subdigital scales between lamellae and fringe scales, and in having well developed groin blotches (Williams 1959).


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Comment 
EtymologyFrom para, Greek for beside, and phygas, Greek for fugitive, in reference to occurrence near the range of exsul, a species widely separated geographically from its known congeners, all restricted to southern California, northern Baja California and northwestern Sonora (Williams et al. 1959). 
References
  • Cox, D.C. & Tanner, W. 1977. OSTEOLOGY AND MYOLOGY OF THE HEAD AND NECK REGIONS OF CALLISAURUS, COPHOSAURUS, HOLBROOKIA, AND UMA (REPTILIA: IGUANIDAE). Great Basin Naturalist 37: 35-56 - get paper here
  • Gadsden, H. & L.E. Palacios-Orona 1997. Seasonal Dietary Patterns of the Mexican Fringe-toed Lizard (Uma paraphygas) Journal of Herpetology 31 (1): 1-9. - get paper here
  • Heimes, P. 2022. LIZARDS OF MEXICO - Part 1 Iguanian lizards. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt Am Main, 448 pp. - get paper here
  • Jones, L.L. & Lovich, R.E. 2009. Lizards of the American Southwest. A photographic field guide. Rio Nuevo Publishers, Tucson, AZ, 568 pp. [review in Reptilia 86: 84] - get paper here
  • Lazcano D, Nevárez-de los Reyes M, García-Padilla E, Johnson JD, Mata-Silva V, DeSantis DL, Wilson LD. 2019. The herpetofauna of Coahuila, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13(2) [General Section]: 31–94 (e189) - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR, Gadsden-Esparza H, Valdez-Lares R, Woolrich-Piña GA 2018. Amphibians and reptiles of the state of Durango, Mexico, with comparisons with adjoining states. ZooKeys 748: 65-87 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal, J.A. & Smith, H.M. 2007. Amphibians and reptiles of the state of Chihuahua, Mexico. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 613 pp.
  • Lemos-Espinal, J.A. & Smith, H.M. 2007. Amphibians and reptiles of the state of Coahuila, Mexico. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 550 pp.
  • Liner, Ernest A. 2007. A CHECKLIST OF THE AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF MEXICO. Louisiana State University Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural Science 80: 1-60 - get paper here
  • Ocampo Salinas, Manuel, J., Castillo-cerón, J. M., Manríquez-morán, N., Goyenechea, I., & Casagranda, M. D. 2019. Endemism of lizards in the Chihuahuan Desert province: An approach based on endemicity analysis. Journal of Arid Environments - get paper here
  • Tanner, W. W. 1970. A catalogue of the fish, amphibian, and reptile types in the Brigham Young University Museum of Natural History. Great Basin Naturalist 30 (4): 219-226 - get paper here
  • Valdez-Lares, R.; R. Muñiz-Martínez; E.Gadsden; G. Aguirre-León; G. Castañeda-Gaytán; R. Gonzalez-Trápaga 2013. Checklist of amphibians and reptiles of the state of Durango, México. Check List 9 (4):714-724 - get paper here
  • Williams, Kenneth L.; Chrapliwy, Pete S.; Smith, Hobart M. 1959. A new fringe-footed lizard (Uma) from Mexico. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 62 (2): 166-172 - get paper here
 
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