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Uma cowlesi HEIFETZ, 1941

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Higher TaxaPhrynosomatidae, Phrynosomatinae, Callisaurini; Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Yuman Desert Fringe-toed Lizard 
SynonymUma notata rufopunctata COPE 1895: 938 (part.)
Uma rufopunctata — COPE 1895: 939 (part.)
Uma notata cowlesi HEIFETZ 1941 (fide NORRIS 1958)
Uma rufopunctata — COLLINS & TAGGART 2009
Uma rufopunctata — CROTHER et al. 2012
Uma cowlesi — HEIMES 2022 
DistributionUSA (SW Arizona)

Type locality: USA: Monument 200, Yuma Desert, Yuma County, Arizona.  
Reproductionoviparous (not imputed, fide Zimin et al. 2022) 
TypesHolotype: CAS 53370; paratype: SDNHM = SDSNH, but syntypes USNM 21846 fide GOTTSCHO et al. 2016. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: A subspecies of Uma notata differing from the typical form in having a comparatively smaller ventrolateral blotch, and a higher average femoral pore count (Heifetz 1941: 104). 
CommentSynonymy: Uma n. notata is more closely related to U. inornata than to U. n. rufopunctata (Wilgenbusch & de Queiroz 2000 and others). HEIFETZ (1941) synonymized U. rufopuncata with U. notata notata (which he distinguished from U. notata cowlesi). Gottscho et al. 2016 conclude that rufopunctata is a hybrid population (U. notata x cowlesi) and therefore recognize only notata and cowlesi (although they do show rufopunctata in their map in Fig. 1).

Distribution: see map in Gottscho et al. 2016: Fig. 1, Derycke et al. 2020: 68 (Fig. 1). 
EtymologyNamed after American herpetologist Raymond Bridgman Cowles (1896–1975). 
References
  • Baird, S.F. 1859. Description of new genera and species of North American lizards in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 10: 253-256 [1858] - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 2, Second edition. London, xiii+497 pp. - get paper here
  • Burt, Charles E. 1931. On the occurence of a throat-fan in the sand-lizard, Uma notata Baird, with notes on the adaptive specializations of the form. Copeia 1931 (1): 15-16 - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1895. On the species of Uma and Xantusia. American Naturalist 29: 938-939 - get paper here
  • Crother, B. I. (ed.) 2012. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Seventh Edition. Herpetological Circular 39: 1-92
  • DERYCKE, ELIZABETH G.; ANDREW D. GOTTSCHO, ANDREW D. GOTTSCHO, DANIEL G. MULCAHY, KEVIN DE QUEIROZ 2020. A new cryptic species of fringe-toed lizards from southwestern Arizona with a revised taxonomy of the Uma notata species complex (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae). Zootaxa 4778 (1): 67–100 - get paper here
  • Goldberg, Stephen R., Charles R. Bursey and Jeanette Arreola. 2014. Uma rufopunctata (Yuman desert fringe-toed lizard) endoparasites. Herpetological Review 45 (2): 334-335 - get paper here
  • Gottscho, A.D., Wood, D.A., Vandergast, A.G., Lemos-Espinal, J., Gatesy, J., Reeder, T.W. 2016. Lineage Diversification of Fringe-toed Lizards (Phrynosomatidae: Uma notata complex) in the Colorado Desert: Delimiting Species in the Presence of Gene Flow. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 106: 103-117 - get paper here
  • Heifetz, William 1941. A review of the lizards of the genus Uma. Copeia 1941 (2): 99-111 - get paper here
  • Heimes, P. 2022. LIZARDS OF MEXICO - Part 1 Iguanian lizards. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt Am Main, 448 pp. - get paper here
  • Jones, L.L. & Lovich, R.E. 2009. Lizards of the American Southwest. A photographic field guide. Rio Nuevo Publishers, Tucson, AZ, 568 pp. [review in Reptilia 86: 84] - get paper here
  • Liner, Ernest A. 2007. A CHECKLIST OF THE AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF MEXICO. Louisiana State University Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural Science 80: 1-60 - get paper here
  • Norris, Kenneth Stafford 1958. The evolution and systematics of the iguanid genus Uma and its relation to the evolution of other North American desert reptiles. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 114 (3): 247-326 + 4 plates - get paper here
  • Pough, F. H. 1970. The burrowing ecology of the sand lizard, Uma notata. Copeia 1970 (1): 145-157 - get paper here
  • Pough, F. Harvey 1977. Uma notata. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (197): 1-2 - get paper here
  • Slevin, Joseph R.;Leviton, Alan E. 1956. Holotype specimens of reptiles and amphibians in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences. [type catalogue] Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 28 (14): 529-560 - get paper here
  • Smith, H.M. & Taylor,E.H. 1950. An annotated checklist and key to the reptiles of Mexico exclusive of the snakes. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 199: 1-253 - get paper here
  • Stebbins,R.C. 1985. A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians, 2nd ed. Houghton Mifflin, Boston
  • Trépanier, T.L.; Murphy, R.W. 2001. The Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard (Uma inornata): genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of an endangered species. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 18(3):327-334 - get paper here
  • Turner, Frederick B.;Wauer, Roland H. 1963. A survey of the herpetofauna of the Death Valley area. Great Basin Naturalist 23 (3-4): 119-128 - get paper here
  • Werning, Heiko 2012. Die Reptilien und Amphibien des Südwestens. Draco 13 (50): 18-60 - get paper here
  • Wilgenbusch, J. & de Queiroz, K. 2000. Phylogenetic relationships among the phrynosomatid sand lizards inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences generated by heterogeneous evolutionary processes. Systematic Biology 49: 592-612 - get paper here
  • Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
 
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