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Vanzosaura rubricauda (BOULENGER, 1902)

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Higher TaxaGymnophthalmidae (Gymnophthalminae), Gymnophthalmini, Sauria, Gymnophthalmoidea, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Red-tailed vanzosaur
Portuguese: Calango-do-Rabo-Vermelho, Calanguinho-do-Rabo-Vermelho, Lagartinho, Lagarto-de-Rabo-Vermelho, Piolho-de-Cobra 
SynonymGymnophthalmus rubricauda BOULENGER 1902: 337
Gymnophthalmus rubricauda — WERNER 1910: 32
Gymnophthalmus rubricauda — GALLARDO 1951
Gymnophthalmus rubricauda — GALLARDO 1969: 77
Gymnophthalmus rubricauda — PETERS et al. 1970: 137
Gymnophthalmus rubricaudus — CEI 1986
Vanzosaura rubricauda — RODRIGUES 1991
Gymnophthalmus rubricauda — VANZOLINI 1991
Vanzosaura rubricauda — DIRKSEN & DE LA RIVA 1999
Gymnophthalmus rubricauda — ZIEGLER et al. 2002
Vanzosaura rubricauda — CASTOE et al. 2004
Vanzosaura rubricauda — CACCIALI et al. 2016
Vanzosaura rubricauda — AVILA et al. 2021 
DistributionBolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, Santa Cruz, Tarija),
N Argentina (Salta, Tucumán, Santiago del Estero, Catamarca, Córdoba, La Rioja), Paraguay, Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Goiás, Piauí)

Type locality: Cruz del Eje, Córdoba, Argentina.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesType: BMNH 1946.8.2.22 (and possibly additional specimens). 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Vanzosaura rubricauda is characterized by: (1) 27–43 smooth subcaudals; (2) 12–16 femoral pores in males; (3) snout round in profile; (4) fore-limbs proportionally short in relation to trunk length, with FAL 54.8 ± 0.02% of TRL in females and 57.5 ± 0.02% in males; (5) colour pattern variable, ranging from no stripes to 12 whitish dorsal stripes, which become irregular or discontinuous on the head; (6) inner ventral row of scales slightly narrower or subequal in relation to the external scales; (7) prefrontal scales usually separated (89%); (8) medium to large size for the genus, with the largest male attaining an SVL of 36.0 mm and the largest female attaining an SVL of 41.5 mm; (9) proportionally short tails for the genus, with an average rate of complete tails (not regenerated) in relation to body size (TAL/ SVL) of 1.51 ± 0.14 [from RECODER et al. 2014]


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CommentType species: Gymnophthalmus rubricauda BOULENGER 1902 is the type species of the genus Vanzosaura RODRIGUES 1991. For a definition (in Portuguese) see RODRIGUES 1991: 335.

Synonymy: Gymnophthalmus multiscutatus AMARAL 1932 has been revalidated from the synonymy of Vanzosaura rubricauda by RECODER et al. 2014. 
EtymologyThe genus name is a homage to Dr. Paulo Emílio Vanzolini (1924-2013), one of the most distinguished Brazilian zoologists. About Vanzolini see Heyer (2004), Bastos & Sa 2011, and Dirksen 2013. The specific names is derived from Latin “ruber” = red, and “cauda” = tail, for its red tail. 
References
  • AVILA, LUCIANO JAVIER; LORENA ELIZABETH MARTINEZ & MARIANA MORANDO 2013. Checklist of lizards and amphisbaenians of Argentina: an update. Zootaxa 3616 (3): 201–238 - get paper here
  • Avila, Luciano Javier; Martín Miguel Femenías, Cristian Hernán Fulvio Pérez, Mariana Morando 2021. Nuevas especies de Liolaemus para la herpetofauna de la provincia de La Rioja, Argentina. Cuadernos de Herpetología 35 (S1): 223-228
  • Barbosa, Vanessa do Nascimento; Amaral, Jéssica Monique da Silva; Alcantara, Edivania do Nascimento Pereira; dos Santos, Ednilza Maranhão 2018. Herpetofauna de uma área de caatinga em Taquaritinga do Norte, agreste de Pernambuco, Brasil. Cuad. herpetol. 32 (2): 109-115 - get paper here
  • Böhme, Wolfgang; Hendrik Hinkel & Harald Hinkel 2023. Aposematische Schwanzfärbung beim Jungtier von Adolfus africanus (boulenger, 1906) (Squamata: Lacertidae), mit Anmerkungen zur biologischen Bedeutung caudaler Signalfarben. Sauria 45 (1): 43-50
  • Boulenger, George A. 1902. List of the fishes, batrachians, and reptiles collected by the late Mr. P. O. Simons in the Provinces of Mendoza and Cordova, Argentina. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (7) 9 (53): 336-339 - get paper here
  • Cacciali, Pier; Norman J. Scott, Aida Luz Aquino Ortíz, Lee A. Fitzgerald, and Paul Smith 2016. The Reptiles of Paraguay: Literature, Distribution, and an Annotated Taxonomic Checklist. SPECIAL PUBLICATION OF THE MUSEUM OF SOUTHWESTERN BIOLOGY, NUMBER 11: 1–373 - get paper here
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  • Nascimento-Pereira, Edivania do; Joana Evelyn Alcantara Nascimento, Ednilza Maranhão dos Santos 2014. HERPETOFAUNA EM ÁREA DE CAATINGA, SANTA CRUZ DO CAPIBARIBE, PERNAMBUCO, BRASIL. Revista Nordestina de Zoologia, Recife 8(1): p. 15 -32
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