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Varanus bengalensis (DAUDIN, 1802)

IUCN Red List - Varanus bengalensis - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaVaranidae, Platynota, Varanoidea, Anguimorpha, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
SubspeciesVaranus bengalensis bengalensis (DAUDIN 1802)
Varanus bengalensis irrawadicus YANG & LI 1987 
Common NamesE: Bengal Monitor, Indian Monitor
G: Bengalwaran
Chinese: 孟加拉巨蜥 
SynonymTupinambis bengalensis DAUDIN 1802: 67
Tupinambis cepedianus DAUDIN 1802: 43 (fide MERTENS 1963)
Lacerta argus DAUDIN 1802 (in part)
Varanus punctatus MERREM 1820: 59
Varanus taraguira MERREM 1820 (in part)
Monitor gemmatus GUÉRIN-MÉNEVILLE 1829
Monitor heraldicus GRAY in GRIFFITH 1831: 27 (fide MERTENS 1963)
Varanus bengalensis — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1836: 480
Monitor inornatus SCHLEGEL 1839: 72
Monitor cepedianus — SCHLEGEL 1839: 74
Varanus bibronii BLYTH 1842: 869
Uaranus lunatus GRAY 1845: 10
Varanus dracaena — THEOBALD 1868: 22
Varanus lunatus — ANDERSON 1871: 155
Varanus dracaena — ANDERSON 1871: 156
Varanus (Varanus) bengalensis — MERTENS 1942: 184
Varanus (Indovaranus) bengalensis — MERTENS 1963: 4
Varanus bengalensis — BONETTI 2002: 179
Varanus (Empagusia) bengalensis — KOCH et al. 2013
Varanus (Empagusia) bengalensis — BUCKLITSCH et al. 2016: 50
Varanus benghalensis — SAHI & KOUL 2020 (in error)
Varauus benghalensis — MALSAWMDAWNGLIANA et al. 2022 (in error)
Varamis benghalensis — ALI et al. 2024: 397 (in error)

Varanus bengalensis bengalensis (DAUDIN 1802)
Tupinambis bengalensis DAUDIN 1802: 67
Lacerta tigrina LINNAEUS 1754: 41
Lacerta monitor LINNAEUS 1758: 201 (nom. reject.)
Tupinambis bengalensis DAUDIN 1802: 67
Varanus bengalensis — BOULENGER 1885: 310
Lacerta tigrina — ANDERSSON 1900: 5
Varanus bengalensis — ANDERSSON 1900: 6
Varanus monitor — BAHL 1937
Varanus monitor — SWAN & LEVITON 1962: 112
Varanus bengalensis — COX et al. 1998: 106

Varanus bengalensis irrawadicus YANG & LI 1987
Varanus irrawadicus YANG & LI 1987
Varanus irrawadicus — ZHAO & ADLER 1993
Varanus irriwadicus [sic] — AUFFENBERG 1994
Varanus bengalensis irrawadicus — DE LISLE 1996: 119
Varanus irrawadicus — WANG et al. 2022 
DistributionSE Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, N India (Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Mizoram , Maharashtra, Kerala, Punjab etc.), Bhutan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar (= Burma), Thailand (incl. Phuket), N Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, W Malaysia, Pulau Tioman, Indonesia (Java), China (Yunnan)

irrawadicus: S China (Yunnan). Type locality: Wanding Valley, Yunnan Prov., southern China.

Type locality: see comment.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesLectotype: MNHN-RA 2179, designated by Guibé (1954). See also (Brygoo 1987)
Syntypes: MNHN [Tupinambis cepedianus]
Holotype: KIZ 86001, adult male [irrawadicus]
Lectotype: MNHN 2179, by designation of Guibé (1954). 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Supraoculars not enlarged; abdominal scales in 88-110 transverse series; tail compressed throughout its length, with low, double-toothed crest above (Anderson 1999: 296).


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CommentSynonymy: mostly after De Lisle (1996) and BÖHME (2002). Zhao,E. & Adler,K. (1993) accept full species status of V. irrawadicus while BÖHME (2002) and DE LISLE 2009 synomize it with V. bengalensis and do not recognize any other subspecies. Mertens 1946 pointed out that Linnaeus referred in the description to pictures in Seba's Thesaurus which clearly show V. salvator and V. niloticus. Therefore, he doubts the identity of the alleged type specimen, which turned out to be V. bengalensis.

Subspecies: Varanus bengalensis nebulosus (GRAY 1831) has been raised to full species status (distribution not corrected for that).

Distribution: not listed for Vietnam by SANG et al. (2009). See map in SMID et al. 2014 for distribution in Iran.

Type locality: "Surinam" (in error). 
EtymologyNamed after its occurrence in Bengal (but note the original erroneous type locality). 
References
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