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Varzea altamazonica (MIRALLES, BARRIO-AMOROS, RIVAS, CHAPARRO-AUZA, 2006)

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Higher TaxaScincidae, Mabuyinae (Mabuyini), Scincoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesPortuguese: Calango 
SynonymMabuya altamazonica MIRALLES, BARRIO-AMOROS, RIVAS, CHAPARRO-AUZA 2006
Varzea altamazonica — HEDGES & CONN 2012: 215
Mabuya altamazonica — PINTO-SÁNCHEZ et al. 2015
Mabuya altamazonica — TORRES-CARVAJAL et al. 2019 
DistributionPeru (Amazonia), Bolivia (Beni), Colombia, probably Ecuador, Brazil

Type locality: Kilometer 34 on road Tarapoto-Yurimaguas (600 m elevation), Concesión de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre ASPRAVEP (Asociación de Productores de Ranas Venenosas Progreso), Rio Cainarachi, Departamento San Martin, Peru.  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesHolotype: MNHN-RA 2006.0291, an adult female, May 2005, collector undetermined; paratypes MNHN-RA 1999.4827-4829, MNHN-RA 1978.2141 
DiagnosisDiagnosis A relatively big sized Mabuya having paired prefrontals and frontoparietals, four supraoculars, most frequently five subequal supraciliaries, seven supralabiales with the fifth being the largest and placed under the eyes, parietals in broad contact behind the interparietal and a single pair of nuchals. Two upper and two lower lateral dark stripes; back spotless or covered by many dash-shaped chocolate spots; palms and soles dark. Mabuya altamazonica differs from the nine species of Mabuya occurring potentially in western Amazonian and peri-Andean regions [M. bistriata (Spix 1825), M. carvalhoi Rebouças-Spieker & Vanzolini 1990, M. cochabambae Dunn 1936, M. dorsivittata Cope 1862b, M. frenata (Cope 1862a), M. guaporicola Dunn 1936, M. meridensis Miralles et al. 2005b, M. nigropalmata Andersson 1918, M. nigropunctata (Spix 1825)] by the combined presence of: paired frontoparietals (versus frontoparietals fused together in M. carvalhoi, M. frenata and M. nigropalmata), paired prefrontals (versus prefrontals fused together in M. carvalhoi), a single pair of nuchals (versus two to four pairs in M. carvalhoi and M. nigropalmata), four supraoculars (versus three in M. cochabambae and M. dorsivittata), most often five subequal supraciliaries (versus four, with the second largest in M. bistriata, M. dorsivittata, M. guaporicola and M. meridensis), absence of a vertebral thin stripe (contrary to M. cochabambae, M. dorsivittata, M. guaporicola and M. meridensis), seven supralabials with the fifth being the largest and placed under the eyes (versus eight supralabials with the sixth being the largest and placed under the eyes in M. frenata and most specimens of M. nigropunctata), parietals in broad contact behind the interparietal (versus parietals separated by the interparietal or barely in point contact in M. nigropunctata), palms and soles darker than belly (versus light palms and soles in M. bistriata, M. carvalhoi, M. cochabambae, M. dorsivittata, M. frenata and M. guaporicola), and fore- and hind limbs touching (or almost touching) each other when adpressed against body (versus fore- and hind limbs distinctly separated from each other when adpressed against body in M. cochabambae, M. dorsivittata, and M. guaporicola). 
CommentSympatricd with M. nigropunctata.

Summary: Despite their superficial similarity, those two Amazonian species could be differentiated both by cephalic scalation characters and molecular results (12S rRNA). Mabuya altamazonica sp. nov. differs from all Amazonian and Andean species of Mabuya by the combined presence of (1) paired prefrontals and frontoparietals, (2) a single pair of nuchals, (3) four supraoculars, (4) five subequal supraciliaries, (5) seven supralabials with the fifth being the largest and placed under the eye, (6) parietals in contact behind the interparietal and (7) dark palms and soles. 
EtymologyNamed after the distribution of this taxon, which is endemic to the extreme occidental part of the Amazon forest, and literally means “from the upper Amazonia”. 
References
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  • Eversole, C. B., Powell, R. L., Rivas, L. R., & Lizarro, D. E. 2024. Reptile Biodiversity and Vulnerability in Bolivia’s Beni Department: Informing Conservation Priorities in a Neglected Frontier. Diversity, 16(6), 335 - get paper here
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  • Muñoz-Saba, Yaneth; Nathaly Calvo-Roa, Paul Andrés Gómez-Sandoval, Diego Casallas-Pabón John Douglas Lynch, Lucas S. Barrientos, Diego A. Gómez-Sánchez. 2019. Guía de campo de los mamíferos, anfibios y reptiles de Santa María (Boyacá, Colombia). Serie Guías de Campo del Instituto de Ciencias Naturales. N° 23. Bogotá D.C. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá. 317 p - get paper here
  • Pinto-Sánchez, Nelsy Rocío; Martha L. Calderón-Espinosa, Aurelien Miralles, Andrew J. Crawford, Martha Patricia Ramírez-Pinilla 2015. Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of the Neotropical skink genus Mabuya Fitzinger (Squamata: Scincidae) with emphasis on Colombian populations. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.07.016 - get paper here
  • Rabosky, Daniel L.; Rudolf von May, Michael C. Grundler and Alison R. Davis Rabosky 2019. The Western Amazonian Richness Gradient for Squamate Reptiles: Are There Really Fewer Snakes and Lizards in Southwestern Amazonian Lowlands? Diversity 11: 199; doi:10.3390/d11100199 - get paper here
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  • Torres-Carvajal O, Pazmiño-Otamendi G, Salazar-Valenzuela D. 2019. Reptiles of Ecuador: a resource-rich portal, with a dynamic checklist and photographic guides. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13 (1): [General Section]: 209–229 (e178) - get paper here
 
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