Xenocalamus transvaalensis METHUEN, 1919

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Higher Taxa	Atractaspididae (Aparallactinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: Speckled Quill-snouted Snake, Transvaal Quill-snouted Snake
Synonym	Xenocalamus transvaalensis METHUEN 1919 Xenocalamus transvaalensis — FITZSIMONS 1946 Xenocalamus transvaalensis — DE WITTE & LAURENT 1947: 51 Xenocalamus transvaalensis — AUERBACH 1987: 174 Xenocalamus transvaalensis — BROADLEY 1990: 487 Xenocalamus transvaalensis — WELCH 1994: 125 Xenocalamus transvaalensis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 796 Amblyodipsas transvaalensis — FIGUEROA et al. 2016 (by implication) Xenocalamus transvaalensis — STANDER 2023: 260
Distribution	Republic of South Africa (N Transvaal, Zululand), S Mozambique, Botswana, Zimbabwe Type locality: N'Jelele River, Transvaal.
Reproduction	oviparous
Types	Holotype: DNMNH (= TM) 10121.
Diagnosis	Additional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (2479 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details.
Comment	Venomous!
Etymology	Named after the type locality.
References	Auerbach, R.D. 1987. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Botswana. Mokwepa Consultants, Botswana, 295 pp. Bates, M.F.; Branch, W.R., Bauer, A.M.; Burger, M., Marais, J.; Alexander, G.J. & de Villliers, M.S. (eds.) 2014. Atlas and Red List of the Reptiles of South Africa, Lesotho, and Swaziland. Suricata 1. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 512 pp. Broadley D G 1990. The herpetofaunas of the islands off the coast of south Mocambique. Arnoldia Zimbabwe 9 (35): 469-493 Broadley, D. G. 1971. A revision of the African snake genera Amblyodipsas and Xenocalamus. Occ. Pap. natl. Mus. Rhod. B4 (33): 629-697 Broadley, D.G. 1962. On some reptile collections from the North-Western and North-Eastern Districts of Southern Rhodesia 1958-1961, with descriptions of four new lizards. Occ. Pap. Nat. Mus. South. Rhodesia 26 (B): 787-843 Figueroa A, McKelvy AD, Grismer LL, Bell CD, Lailvaux SP 2016. A Species-Level Phylogeny of Extant Snakes with Description of a New Colubrid Subfamily and Genus. PLoS One 11 (9): e0161070.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0161070 - get paper here Fitzsimons, V. 1946. Notes on some African Snakes, including a discription of a new subspecies of Xenocalamus. Annals Transvaal Mus. 20 (4): 379-394 - get paper here Jacobsen, Niels H.G.; Errol W. Pietersen & Darren W. Pietersen 2010. A preliminary herpetological survey of the Vilanculos Coastal Wildlife Sanctuary on the San Sebastian Peninsula, Vilankulo, Mozambique. Herpetology Notes 3: 181-193 Methuen, P.A. 1919. Descriptions of a new snake from the Transvaal, together with a new diagnosis and key of the genus Xenocalamus, and of some Batrachia from Madagascar. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 349-355 - get paper here Stander, R.I. 2023. The Reptiles of the Limpopo Province and Kruger National Park. Herp Nomad, Polokwane, South Africa, 367 pp. - get paper here Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp. Witte, G. F. de & LAURENT,R.F. 1947. Revision d'un groupe de Colubridae africains: genres Calamelaps, Miodon, Aparallactus, et formes affines. Mém. Mus. Roy. Hist. Nat. Belgique (sér. 2) 29: 1-134 - get paper here
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information http://www.biodiversityexplorer.org/reptiles/squamata/serpentes… Google images

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