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Xenochrophis cerasogaster (CANTOR, 1839)

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Higher TaxaColubridae (Natricinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Painted Keelback
G: Dunkelbäuchige Fischnatter 
SynonymPsammophis cerasogaster CANTOR 1839: 52
? Tropidonotus cerasogaster — GÜNTHER 1859: 224
Xenochrophis cerasogaster — GÜNTHER 1864
Amphiesma schistaceum JAN 1865 (fide SMITH 1943)
Xenochrophis cerasogaster — BOULENGER 1893: 191
Xenochrophis cerasogaster — WALL 1907: 104
Xenochrophis cerasogaster — SMITH 1943: 317
Xenochrophis cerasogaster — DAS 1996: 59
Xenochrophis cerasogaster — WALLACH et al. 2014: 797 
DistributionPakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, India (Meghalaya, Assam, Uttar Pradesh), West Malaysia

Type locality: Vicinity of Calcutta ( Smith (1943: 317; Cantor 1839 did not designate a type locality).  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesLectotype: iconotype, color plate in the Bodleian Library, London (fide KRAMER 1977) 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (genus): Günther (1864) erected the genus Xenochrophis with the following diagnostic characters: body cylindrical, rather stout; head narrow, elongate; eye with round pupil; nostrils lateral, situated in the upper part of a single plate; shields of the head regular; scales keeled, in nineteen rows; ventrals rounded; anal bifid; subcaudals paired; no conspicuously longer teeth; they are widely set, those in middle of maxillary series and those in front of mandible being rather larger than the others (fide Purkayashata et al. 2018).


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CommentDistribution: Possibly in Bhutan (Lenz 2012).

Type species: Psammophis cerasogaster CANTOR 1839: 52 is the type species of the genus Xenochrophis GÜNTHER 1864.

Key: Cheng et al. 2021 provide a key to the genera of Xenochrophis sensu stricto, Atretium, and Fowlea.

Synonymy: Cheng et al. 2021 doubted the generic assignment of the members of Xenochrophis and accepted only cerasogaster as the only member of the genus. 
References
  • Ahmad, Faysal, Shayer Mahmood Ibney Alam and Tania Khondakar. 2015. Geographic Distribution: Xenochrophis cerasogaster (painted keelback snake). Herpetological Review 46 (4): 578 - get paper here
  • Basfore, B., Kalita, M. J., Sharma, N., & Boro, A. R. 2024. An updated checklist of snakes (Reptilia: Squamata) in northeastern India derived from a review of recent literature. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 16(11), 26131-26149 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. London (Taylor & Francis), 448 pp. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, George A. 1890. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. Taylor & Francis, London, xviii, 541 pp. - get paper here
  • Cantor, T. E. 1839. Spicilegium serpentium indicorum [part 1]. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1839: 31-34 - get paper here
  • Cheng, Yu-Qi; Jin-Long Ren, Guang-Xiang Zhu, Jia-Tang Li 2021. On the Taxonomy of Atretium yunnanensis Anderson, 1879 (Squamata: Natricidae), with Redescriptions and Natural History Data of the Poorly Known Species. Russian Journal of Herpetology 28 (4): 205-218 - get paper here
  • Ghosh, A; 2019. Xenochrophis cerasogaster (Painted Keelback) Diet. Herpetological Review 50 (1): 168 - get paper here
  • Grismer, L. Lee; Chan K. Onn, Jesse L. Grismer, Perry L. Wood, Jr., and A. Norhayati 2010. A CHECKLIST OF THE HERPETOFAUNA OF THE BANJARAN BINTANG, PENINSULAR MALAYSIA. Russ. J. Herpetol. 17 (2): 147-160 - get paper here
  • Günther,A. 1859. On the geographical distribution of reptiles. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 3: 221-237 - get paper here
  • HAKIM, JONATHAN; SCOTT TRAGESER, SHAHRIAR CAESAR RAHMAN, EVAN ARAMBUL, ANIMESH GHOSE, LACHLAN GILDING, … ASH WISCOVITCH. 2021. Geographic distribution: XENOCHROPHIS CERASOGASTER (Painted Keelback Snake). BANGLADESH: SYLHET DIVISION: Sylh et District. Herpetological Review 52 (1): 89. - get paper here
  • Kästle , W., Rai, K. & Schleich, H.H. 2013. FIELD GUIDE to Amphibians and Reptiles of Nepal. ARCO-Nepal e.V., 625 pp. - get paper here
  • Khan, M.S. 2002. Die Schlangen Pakistans [English edition as “A Guide to the snakes of Pakistan”]. Edition Chimaira (Frankfurt am Main), 265 pp. [review in HR 34: 400, Russ J Herp 12: 79] - get paper here
  • Kramer, E. 1977. Zur Schlangenfauna Nepals. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 84 (3): 721-761. - get paper here
  • Lenz, Norbert 2012. Von Schmetterlingen und Donnerdrachen - Natur und Kultur in Bhutan. Karlsruher Naturhefte 4, Naturkundemuseum Karlsruhe, 124 pp.
  • Malnate, E.V., and S.A. Minton 1965. A rediscription of the natricine snake Xenochrophis cerasogaster, with comments on its taxonomic states. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 117:19-41. - get paper here
  • Purkayastha J. 2013. An Amateur’s Guide to Reptiles of Assam. EBH Publishers (India) - get paper here
  • Purkayastha, Jayaditya, Madhurima Das, Gernot Vogel, Parimal C. Bhattacharjee and Saibal Sengupta. 2013. Comments on Xenochrophis cerasogaster (Cantor, 1839) (Serpentes: Natricidae) with remarks on its natural history and distribution. Hamadryad 36 (2): 149-156 - get paper here
  • Purkayastha, Jayaditya; JATIN KALITA, Rajeev Kungur Brahma, Robin Doley, MADHURIMA DAS 2018. A review of the relationships of Xenochrophis cerasogaster Cantor, 1839 (Serpentes: Colubridae) to its congeners. Zootaxa 4514 (1): 126-136, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4514.1.10 - get paper here
  • Purkayastha, Jayaditya; Madhurima Das, and Saibal Sengupta 2011. Urban herpetofauna: a case study in Guwahati City of Assam, India. Herpetology Notes 4: 195-202 - get paper here
  • Sharma, R. C. 2004. Handbook Indian Snakes. AKHIL BOOKS, New Delhi, 292 pp.
  • Smith, M.A. 1943. The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. 3 (Serpentes). Taylor and Francis, London. 583 pp.
  • Sourav, Sharif Hossain and Jayaditya Purkayastha 2011. Xenochrophis cerasogaster (Cantor, 1839) (Serpentes: Colubridae): Distribution extension in Bangladesh. Check List 7 (3): 352-353 - get paper here
  • Swan, L.W., & Leviton, A.E. 1962. The herpetology of Nepal: a history, check list, and zoogeographical analysis of the herpetofauna. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 32 (6) (4.s.): 103-147. - get paper here
  • Wall, F. 1907. Notes on Snakes collected in Fyzabad. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 18: 101-129 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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